Brazil s Global Financial Crisis - 1960 Words

Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and the seventh largest economy in the world with a GDP of US$2.246 trillion as of 2014. It has only been within the last few years that Brazil has begun to reap the benefits of nearly two decades of reform. A strong performance through the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) highlighted the country’s newfound stability as much of the reason for this strong performance can be traced to a series of specific policy decisions that have attacked glaring issues hindering economic growth. Brazil’s implementation of such strategies as the Growth Acceleration Plan, Bolsa Familia and My House, My Life have all encouraged and facilitated the foreign and domestic investment that has propelled Brazil’s†¦show more content†¦Better known as PAC – this program contributed to preventing a greater drop in economic activity and also facilitate the policy response to the crisis. PAC, although primarily an economic growth pol icy had a great impacts on economic development. The introduction of PAC saw the creation of many jobs and as a result the unemployment steadily shrunk from 10.2% in 2007 to 4.7% as of October 2014. Even during the Global Financial crisis unemployment only rose 0.7% , which can be seen in figure 2. Figure 2 In addition, on the one hand, in the period 2007-08 the primary budget was around 4% of GDP and furthermore, Brazil and most other emerging countries benefited from higher commodity prices, basically as a result of a positive external

American General Corporation - 1014 Words

American General Corporation Evaluating the Risk of the American General Corporation we started from looking at companys market standing from potential investors point of view. First we take a look at the companies profile. American General Corporation is a diversified financial services organization, provides retirement services, life insurance, and consumer loans. The company offers retail financial programs through fifteen thousand merchants. American General Corp. operates in 41 states. Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands. Well, first we find out that American General Corporation is a blue chip, multibillion dollar company. This tells us right from the beginning that this financial giant is really worth†¦show more content†¦The company is very careful with its investments. AGS decreases its investments into the below investment grade securities ( have credit rating below BBB- ) from 5% at June 31 of 1998 to 4% at December 31 of 1997%. The company invests in below investment securities to enhance the overall yield of the portfolio. Investment income from below investment grade securities was $148 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. This tells us that this company is not looking for the quick profit, so it does not through its money around passing on opportunities for greater rate of return on equity for stability and safety. For some investors this might seem as an extreme measure, because after all earning money on market is all about risk. But for those who investors who a re looking for a stable and secure investment American General Corporation should fit the profile. Then again, getting rid of risky investments moved companys beta closer to market beta ( which considered to be 1 and AGC beta right now is about .95 ) was not such a good idea, because now with there is a more chance for the company to take a deeper dive with recession of overall U.S. economy. 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Review of Authentic and Transformational Leadership †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Review of Authentic and Transformational Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Listen with curiosity. Speak with honesty. Act with integrity. The greatest problem with communication is we dont listen to understand. We listen to reply. When we listen with curiosity, we dont listen with the intent to reply. We listen for whats behind the words. The above quoted lines of Roy T. Bennett from his famous work The Light in the Heart provides a clear account of the traits which a good leader must possess. Leadership in my opinion can be defined as the ability or the quality of the individuals to motivate as well as lead others to the desired goals or the aims of a company or business organization (Schyns Schilling, 2013). Therefore, leadership forms an important aspect of the entire process of strategic management. I believe that the various companies as well as business organizations often use the help of an effective leader to bring about their overall growth as well as development (Yukl, 2013). In my course work I came across various kinds of leadership styles and the effectiveness of the chosen style depends on the company or the organization and the scenario in which that particular style is being used (Pierce Newstrom, 2002). However, in my opinion the most commonly used styles of leadership style are transformational, au tocratic, democratic, transactional, dictatorial and others (Pierce Newstrom, 2002). Transformational style of leadership is one of the most commonly used styles of leadership. Transformational style of leadership can be defined as the style of leadership in which a leader works with subordinates to identify needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through inspiration, and executing the change in tandem with committed members of a group (Northouse, 2010). However, in the opinion of James McGregor Burns (1978), the transformational style is one where the leaders and their followers raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation. It is to be noted that there are various attributes of a transformational leader like effective motivation, setting clear goals and objectives, enhancing the performance level of his or her followers with the help of several innovative and new mechanism and others (Beech MacIntosh, 2017). The term "Transformational leadership" was coined by James McGregor Burns however the concept was explained in the present day co ntext of business world by Bernard M. Bass (Schyns Schilling, 2013). There are several characteristics associated with the transformational style of leadership like positive development as well as the growth of the followers, emphasis on the values of extrinsic leadership, outlining topmost priorities, creation of an ethical climate, the promotion of harmony and co-operation among the followers and various others (Banks et al., 2016). In the present day business environment several of the business managers as well as CEO use the various precepts of the transformational style of leadership to cause the overall growth as well as the development of the company or the business organization in which they work (Hoch et al., 2016). A typical example of this style of leadership is the leadership style of Howard Schultz which he used for the expansion of the business of the coffee caf chain Starbucks (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). It is to be noted that initially the company Starbucks was a smaller one and it was the effective leadership of Schultz which transformed the small coffee caf Starbucks into one of the largest companies of the world (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Another preacher of this particular style of leadership is Bill Gates. It is significant to note that Bill Gates used this particular style of leadership to motivate as well as influence his employees in the company Microsoft (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Many experts consider the effective leadership of Bill Gates to be one of the major reasons for the phenomenal growth as well as development of the company Microsoft. The Transformational Leadership Theory of David Burkus provides valuable insight into the machinery of the transformational style of leadership. In his theory he outlines four essential characteristics of a transformational leaders namely, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence and individualized consideration (Fritz et al., 2005). It is generally seen that these four components have significantly associated with positive emotions and outcomes in the workplace as well as in team projects performed online (Fritz et al., 2005). In the opinion of Burkus, these four traits are the quintessential traits or the features of a transformational leader. It is to be noted that through the aspect of inspirational motivation the transformational leaders try to motivate their various followers to perform in a much better manner and also helps them to achieve their set objectives or goals. The aspect of intellectual stimulation is used by the various transformationa l leaders for the purposes of stimulation so that they can perform in a much better manner (Fritz et al., 2005). The aspect of idealized influence is used by the various transformational leaders to influence the employees to perform better (Hoch et al., 2016). Finally the concept of individualized consideration is used by the various transformational leaders for the purpose of focusing on the skills of individuals followers so that they can perform as per their abilities as well as capabilities (Hoch et al., 2016). Therefore, many people are of the opinion that implementing transformational leadership has many positive outcomes not only in the workplace but in other situations as well (Hoch et al., 2016). It is to be noted that there are various problems as well as challenges which the present day project managers and the leaders face. Some of the common problems faced by them are team issues, project resources, authority, scope creep, budget control, virtual work and others. The various present day leaders as well as project managers have therefore developed several strategies in a bid to combat the issues faced by them. It is seen that the various present day leaders use innovative team strategies for the management of their teams in order to counteract the issues of conflict within the team. In addition to this, the various leaders also utilize the concept of effective budget control to control the level of expenses incurred by their team and also for the effective utilization of the resources of the company or the business organization concerned. In the present times it is also seen that the various leaders use innovative ways to establish their authority over the team which they are leading. It is to be noted that for the purpose of the establishment of their authority over the team which they are leading some leaders use the technique of the utilization of power whereas others use the technique of friendly behavior (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). In addition to these the development of effective strategies is also important for the purpose of the proper utilization of the project resources. It is to be noted that the resources available for a particular project are very limited and it is here that the personal talent as well as the talent of the leader comes into play. Furthermore, it is to be noted that the process of transformational leadership becomes especially more significant in the present day age of digitalization. In the opinion of many scholars the evolution of transformational leadership in the digital age is tied to the development of organizational leadership in an academic setting (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Therefore, it would not be too far-fetched to say that it is not the number of followers which is significant in the style of transformational leadership but the kind of change which the leader or the manager is trying to bring in the company or the business organization concerned. Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that leadership forms an important part of the business organization or company. It is to be noted that many companies take the help of effective as well as skilled leaders to bring about an overall growth and development of their company or business organization. There are various styles of leadership and the effectiveness of the various leadership styles depends on the context in which they are used and also in the company or the business organization in which they are used. It is to be noted that the personal character as well as the personality of the leader also matters a lot in the process of leadership. Personal Reflection All human beings have a basic desire in them to lead others and as the leader of a particular group or organization. It is to be noted that this trait becomes especially significant when the context of a company or business organization is taken into consideration. I would like to mention here a particular incident that has a particular significance to me and helped to develop my ideas as well as theories about leadership. The incident which I am talking about happened a while back when I used to do a part-time job at a warehouse. I would like to mention here that the work was a completely voluntary one for me and I used to do it only during my college breaks in a bid to earn some extra amount of pocket money. I would like to comment here that when I working at the warehouse the organization was given a big order for the painting of doors. However, at that particular period of time there was a shortage of employees at the warehouse as most of the employees were on leave at that particular point of time. It was at this particular period of time that the manager of the warehouse used his effective leadership style to motivate the employees to give their best performance in order to complete the order. The employees were very much worried as well as anxious as the order was very big and required many employees to complete the work and the shortage of the employees added further more to our trouble. The manager called us and took a team hurdle and tried to tell us about the importance of the order which just received and the benefits which would entail if the order was successfully completed by us. This particular action of the manager as well as the confidence which he showed in our abilities motivated us a lot. In addition to this, I would like to comment here that although the manager belonged to the higher ranks of the organization yet still he worked alongside us for the completion of the order. This added a lot to our morale and I would like to say that energized us a lot to give our best to work towards the completion of the order concerned. I would like to say here that the leading by example style of the manager contributed a lot towards the achievement of the desired goal and objective. I would like to say here that this particular incident has a considerable impact on me and helped me to develop my ideas about the concept of leadership. The transformational style of leadership followed by the manager of the warehouse for the completion of that particular order had a considerable impact. As a matter of fact, I was so moved by the style of leadership followed by him that afterwards I conducted a thorough research on the meaning as well as the various aspects of the transformational leadership. My subsequent studies in the relevant field helped me to understand the concept of leadership and the style of transformational leadership in a much better manner. I would like to say that I am happy that the particular incident under discussion happened in my life as that enabled me to understand the various aspects of the concept of transformational leadership. Later on I came to know that the transformational style of leadership is one of the most commonly used styles of lea dership and is widely practiced by the well renowned leaders as well as the CEOs of various companies like Howard Schulz, Bill Gates and others. I would like to narrate here a particular incident here where I was able to demonstrate my leadership traits and qualities. The incident which in I am talking about happened about 2 years ago when I was working for an advertising agency. The advertising agency was a small one and was on the verge of going bankrupt when I was hired as the supervisor of the company to improve the performance of the company. Therefore, from day one I was confronted with various issues and had to resolve them on a daily basis for the effective working of the company. In addition to that, the board of directors of the company also required me to give drastic results. I would like to comment here that in response to this I developed various strategies to bring about a drastic change in the performance level of the employees and also to improve the prospects of the company. I would like to comment here that since my childhood I was much influenced by the transformational style of leadership. I even went to the extent of conducting a detailed research about this particular style of leadership and undertook a detailed study of the transformational leaders like Howard Schultz, Bill Gates and others. In the particular case which I am narrating I began my assessing the skills as well as capabilities of the employees in a bid to understand the people with whom I was working and also to allot them tasks as per their capabilities and talents. In addition to this, I also started a regular performance assessment plan wherein I used to assess the performance of the employees. I would like to comment here that I adopted the policy of rewarding the employees who used to perform better and motivating as well as giving training to the employees who used to perform below par. I also used to conduct regular meetings with my seniors as well as board of directors in order to seek about the issues about which I was not certain. I am happy to say here that the performance of the employees improved over the course of one month. I would not say that I was able to transform the fortunes of the company drastically but I made a significant contribution towards its growth as well as development. I would like to comment here that my short duration of work at the company was very fruitful for me. I left the company after a period of around 18 months as I got a better opportunity at another business organization. However, the learning process was a great one for me and helped me a lot in the later part of my life. My short duration of work at the warehouse enabled me to apply in practical the concepts as well as the theories which I had learned in my educational life and provided me with a platform where I can use them. In addition to that, the changeling situation in which I worked at the company helped me to develop my temperament and also helped to develop effective leadership skills. The experience which I gathered at the company was very helpful to me and helped me to perform in a much better at my present job. Therefore, I would like to conclude with the words that in the present day business world the concept of leadership forms one of the most important aspects of the entire business process itself. I also believe that the presence of an effective leader is very essential for the overall growth as well as the development of the entire company and the business organization. I consider that the effectiveness of a particular leadership style depends on the context as well as the scenario in which they are used. References Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27, 634-652. Beech, N. MacIntosh, R. (2017). Managing change: Enquiry and action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Fritz, S., Brown, W., Lunde, J. P., Banset, E. A. (2005). Interpersonal skills for leadership (2nd Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., Wu, D. (2016). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 1-29. Northouse, P. (2010). Leadership, theory and practice (5th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Odumeru, J. A., Ogbonna, I. G. (2013). Transformational vs. transactional leadership theories: Evidence in literature.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(2), 355. Pierce, J. L. Newstrom, J. W. (2002). The managers bookshelf: A mosaic of contemporary views (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Schyns, B., Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 138-158. Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Midterm 1 Essay Example

Midterm 1 Essay Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. What are the possible values for the orbital angular momentum quantum number l given the following values for the other three quantum numbers: n = 4, l = ? , ml = 0, ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E. 0 1, 2, 3, or 4 3 0, 1, 2, or 3 none of these answers 2. If the wavelength of an electron is equal to the radius of the n=2 orbit in He+, what must the velocity of the electron be? A. B. C. D. E. 6. 88 x 106 m/s 1. 38 x 107 m/s 3. 44 x 106 m/s 5. 47 x 105 m/s The velocity cannot have an exact value 3. The element seaborgium (Sg) has Z=106. What would you predict the electron configuration to of Sg2+ to be? A. B. C. D. E. The same configuration as rutherfordium (Rh) Z=104 [Rn] 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 [Rn] 5f12 6d4 7s2 4. Praseodymium (Pr Z=59) is one of the lanthanide (rare earth) elements. Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the orbital into which the last electron was filled for the element Pr? A. B. C. D. E. The number of radial nodes is greater than the number of angular nodes The orbital is a 5f orbital The orbital contains valence electrons The orbital is one member of a set of seven degenerate orbitals none of the other four statements is true 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Davisson and Germer (as well as G. P. Thompson) conducted a famous and important experiment. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning their experiment? A. B. C. D. E. They observed diffraction patterns from photons confirming that light had wave properties They observed diffraction patterns of electrons confirming that matter had wave properties Their experiment contradicted DeBroglie’s equation They observed standing wave patterns from electrons confirming the existence of orbitals None of the other four statements is true Page 1, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 6. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm None of the other four statements is true . Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ? A. The wavefunction, ? , is a solution to the Schrodinger equation B. The square of the wavefunction, ? 2, is the total probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell at distance r from the nucleus C. Orbitals with the same n cannot overlap in space D. For the same orbital type (i. e. same l quantum number), orbitals with the higher n value will ha ve a more negative energy E. two of the other four statements are true 8. Which is not a valid set of quantum numbers for an electron? A. B. C. D. E. n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 7, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 17, l = 16, ml = 16, ms = -1/2 n = 4, l = -2, ml = 2, ms = -1/2 9. Which statement(s) is (are) FALSE in comparing the electronic transition from ni = 5 to nf =2 in H with that of electronic transition from ni = 2 to nf =5 in Be3+ A. The photon involved in the H transition lies in the visible spectrum while that involved in the Be3+ transition lies in the UV region of the spectrum. B. A photon of the same frequency is involved in both transitions, but is emitted the H electronic transition and absorbed in the Be3+ electronic transition. C. The wavelength of the photon emitted by H is 16 times the wavelength of the photon absorbed by Be3+ D. The transition in H is a Balmer emission series line E. two of the other four statements are FALSE Page 2, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 10. Assume that we conduct a Stern Gerlach type experiment by passing a beam of cobalt (Co) atoms and zinc (Zn) atoms simultaneously through an external magnetic field. What would be the expected pattern on the detector? A. B. C. D. E. Two spots: one deflected up, one deflected down Two spots: one undeflected, one deflected up Four spots: two deflected up, two deflected down Three spots: one undeflected, one deflected up, one deflected down Three spots: two deflected up, one deflected down 11. The workfunction for Na is 2. 70 eV, for Mg is 3. 66 eV, and for Cs is 2. 14 eV. Assume we shine light with a wavelength of 400 nm on the surface of each of these metals. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the observed results? (Note 1 eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. Electrons are not ejected from Mg, but would be if the intensity of the light were increased Electrons are ejected from both Cs and Na and they would have a greater velocity from Cs No electrons are ejected from Na, Mg, or Cs but would be if the light frequency were increased Electrons are ejected from Mg and they have a velocity of 4. 4 x 105 m/s Two of the other four statements are true 12. Assume that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron is equal to its DeBroglie wavelength. What would be the uncertainty in the momentum for an electron traveling with a velocity of 1. 0 x 107 m/s? A. B. C. D. E. gt; 9. 109 x 10-24 kg m/s gt; 7. 27 x 10-11 kg m/s gt; 1. 38 x 1024 kg m/s gt; h/(4*pi) gt; 7. 25 x 10-25 kg m/s 13. Which of these species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. Mn (Z=25) P (Z=15) Rb (Z=37) Mo (Z=42) Cu (Z=29) 14. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. S e2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Y3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ Kr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , Br- Page 3, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 15. Arrange the following species in order of increasing radius Se, Pb, Sn, Ge, As? A. B. C. D. E. As, Ge, Sn, Pb, Se Se, Pb, As, Sn, Ge As, Se, Ge, Sn, Pb Se, As, Ge, Sn, Pb Pb, Sn, Ge, As, Se 16. What would be a valid set of quantum numbers for the last electron filled in the electronic configuration for osmium (Os Z=76)? A. B. C. D. E. n = 6, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l= 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 17. Which of the following species is the most paramagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Fe3+ Ga+ Os N Cr 18. Assume that at an elevated temperature, the ground state for Be3+ is n=5. What would be the ionization energy for this species in this case? (1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 8. 667 eV 216. 7 eV 138. 7 eV 2. 167 eV None of the other four answers 19. What would be the velocity of an electron ejected from sodium if light of 350 nm is directed at a surface of the metal (the workfunction for sodium is 2. 70 eV and 1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 382 km/s 5. 41 x 105 km/s 17,010 km/s 541 km/s None of the other four answers Page 4, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 20. What would be the ground state electron configuration for Ge3+? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4p1 21. If an electron was in an orbital with 1 radial node and 3 angular nodes, what type of orbital is the electron occupying? A. B. C. D. E. 4d 5p 5f 4f None of the other four answers 22. One of the Lyman series emission lines for hydrogen (H) is observed at 102. 5 nm. This transition involves an electron dropping down to the ground state level from a higher energy level. What is the ninitial value for the higher energy orbit (i. e. what is ni)? A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 4 None of the other four answers 23. Arrange the following species in order of increasing ionization energy: Al, In, Ga, Si, S? A. B. C. D. E. In, Ga Si, S, Al Si, S, Al, Ga, In In, Al, Ga, Si, S In, Ga, Al, Si, S S, Si, Al, Ga, In 24. Which of the following represents the orbit with the largest radius? A. B. C. D. E. n=2 orbit for Be3+ n=1 orbit for H n=3 orbit for Li2+ n=4 orbit for He+ n=3 orbit for H Page 5, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 25. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region That the light exhibited wave particle duality None of these other four answers 26. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 986104 kJ/mol 1. 96 x 105 kJ/mol 1. 986 x 10-19 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol None of these other four answers 27. [Xe]f145d10 6s1 is the ground state electronic configuration of which species? A. B. C. D. E. Hg Pb2+ Au Pt Tl+ 28. How many valence electrons are found in tellurium (Te Z=52)? A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 4 6 16 29. What would be a permitted value for the principle quantum number if we kne w that the magnetic quantum number (ml) was 7? A. B. C. D. E. 5 6 7 15 none of these other four answers Page 6, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 30. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the species Sn2+? A. B. C. D. E. It is a paramagnetic species It has a completely filled f orbital set It would be expected to have a larger radius than Sn It has 48 protons in the nucleus none of these other four answers is true Page 7, v1 Answer Key for Test Chem110MT1F05. tst, 10/12/2005 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 7 120 1 7 121 2 7 122 3 7 123 4 7 124 5 7 125 6 7 126 7 7 127 8 7 128 9 7 129 10 7 130 11 7 131 12 7 132 13 7 133 14 7 134 15 7 135 16 7 136 17 7 137 18 7 138 19 7 139 20 7 140 21 7 141 22 7 142 23 7 143 24 7 144 25 7 145 26 7 146 27 7 147 28 7 148 29 7 149 30 Correct Answer D A C D B C A E B D B E D A D E E A D C C C D E A D C D D E Page 1, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. [Xe]f145d10 6s1 is the ground state electronic configuration of which species? A. B. C. D. E. Hg Pt Pb2+ Au Tl+ 2. Which of the following species is the most paramagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Os Fe3+ N Ga+ Cr 3. Arrange the following species in order of increasing radius Se, Pb, Sn, Ge, As? A. B. C. D. E. Se, Pb, As, Sn, Ge As, Ge, Sn, Pb, Se Se, As, Ge, Sn, Pb As, Se, Ge, Sn, Pb Pb, Sn, Ge, As, Se 4. Assume that we conduct a Stern Gerlach type experiment by passing a beam of cobalt (Co) atoms and zinc (Zn) atoms simultaneously through an external magnetic field. What would be the expected pattern on the detector? A. B. C. D. E. Two spots: one deflected up, one deflected down Four spots: two deflected up, two deflected down Three spots: one undeflected, one deflected up, one deflected down Three spots: two deflected up, one deflected down Two spots: one undeflected, one deflected up 5. What would be the velocity of an electron ejected from sodium if light of 350 nm is directed at a surface of the metal (the workfunction for sodium is 2. 70 eV and 1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 17,010 km/s 5. 41 x 105 km/s 541 km/s None of the other four answers 382 km/s Page 1, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 6. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation None of these other four answers That the light exhibited wave particle duality That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission 7. How many valence electrons are found in tellurium (Te Z=52)? A. B. C. D. E. 16 6 2 1 4 8. Praseodymium (Pr Z=59) is one of the lanthanide (rare earth) elements. Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the orbital into which the last electron was filled for the element Pr? A. B. C. D. E. The orbital is a 5f orbital none of the other four statements is true The number of radial nodes is greater than the number of angular nodes The orbital is one member of a set of seven degenerate orbitals The orbital contains valence electrons 9. If the wavelength of an electron is equal to the radius of the n=2 orbit in He+, what must the velocity of the electron be? A. B. C. D. E. 5. 47 x 105 m/s 1. 38 x 107 m/s The velocity cannot have an exact value 3. 44 x 106 m/s 6. 88 x 106 m/s 10. What are the possible values for the orbital angular momentum quantum number l given the following values for the other three quantum numbers: n = 4, l = ? , ml = 0, ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E. 1, 2, 3, or 4 none of these answers 3 0 0, 1, 2, or 3 Page 2, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 11. The element seaborgium (Sg) has Z=106. What would you predict the electron configuration to of Sg2+ to be? A. B. C. D. E. Rn] 6d4 [Rn] 5f12 6d4 7s2 The same configuration as rutherfordium (Rh) Z=104 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 12. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the species Sn2+? A. B. C. D. E. It would be expected to have a larger radius than Sn none of these other four answers is true It is a paramagnetic species It has 48 protons in the nucleus It has a completely filled f orbital set 13. Which statement(s) is (are) FALSE in comparing the el ectronic transition from ni = 5 to nf =2 in H with that of electronic transition from ni = 2 to nf =5 in Be3+ A. A photon of the same frequency is involved in both transitions, but is emitted the H electronic transition and absorbed in the Be3+ electronic transition. B. two of the other four statements are FALSE C. The photon involved in the H transition lies in the visible spectrum while that involved in the Be3+ transition lies in the UV region of the spectrum. D. The transition in H is a Balmer emission series line E. The wavelength of the photon emitted by H is 16 times the wavelength of the photon absorbed by Be3+ 14. Assume that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron is equal to its DeBroglie wavelength. What would be the uncertainty in the momentum for an electron traveling with a velocity of 1. 00 x 107 m/s? A. B. C. D. E. gt; 9. 109 x 10-24 kg m/s gt; h/(4*pi) gt; 1. 38 x 1024 kg m/s gt; 7. 25 x 10-25 kg m/s gt; 7. 27 x 10-11 kg m/s 15. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single hoton transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm None of the other four statements is true The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm Page 3, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 16. What would be a valid set of quantum numbers for the last electron filled in the electronic configuration for osmium (Os Z=76)? A. B. C. D. E. = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l= 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = 1/2 17. One of the Lyman series emission lines for hydrogen (H) is observed at 102. 5 nm. This transition involves an electron dropping down to the ground state level from a higher energy level. What is the ninitial value for the higher energy orbit (i. e. what is ni)? A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four answers 4 3 1 2 18. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 196 x 105 kJ/mol None of these other four answers 1. 86 x 10-19 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol 1. 986104 kJ/mol 19. Which is not a valid set of quantum numbers for an electron? A. B. C. D. E. n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 7, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 17, l = 16, ml = 16, ms = -1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 4, l = -2, ml = 2, ms = -1/2 20. What would be a permitted value for the principle quantum number if we knew that the magnetic quantum number (ml) was 7? A. B. C. D. E. 6 7 5 none of these other four answers 15 Page 4, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 21. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. Se2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , BrY3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2Kr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ 22. Assume that at an elevated temperature, the ground state for Be3+ is n=5. What would be the ionization energy for this species in this case? (1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 8. 667 eV None of the other four answers 138. 7 eV 2. 167 eV 216. 7 eV 23. If an electron was in an orbital with 1 radial node and 3 angular nodes, what type of orbital is the electron occupying? A. B. C. D. E. 5f None of the other four answers 5p 4d 4f 24. Davisson and Germer (as well as G. P. Thompson) conducted a famous and important experiment. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning their experiment? A. B. C. D. E. They observed standing wave patterns from electrons confirming the existence of orbitals None of the other four statements is true They observed diffraction patterns from photons confirming that light had wave properties They observed diffraction patterns of electrons confirming that matter had wave properties Their experiment contradicted DeBroglie’s equation 25. Which of the following represents the orbit with the largest radius? A. B. C. D. E. n=3 orbit for H n=3 orbit for Li2+ n=2 orbit for Be3+ n=1 orbit for H n=4 orbit for He+ Page 5, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 26. The workfunction for Na is 2. 70 eV, for Mg is 3. 66 eV, and for Cs is 2. 14 eV. Assume we shine light with a wavelength of 400 nm on the surface of each of these metals. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the observed results? (Note 1 eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. No electrons are ejected from Na, Mg, or Cs but would be if the light frequency were increased Electrons are ejected from Mg and they have a velocity of 4. x 105 m/s Two of the other four statements are true Electrons are ejected from both Cs and Na and they would have a greater velocity from Cs Electrons are not ejected from Mg, but would be if the intensity of the light were increased 27. Arrange the following species in order of increasing ionization energy: Al, In, Ga, Si, S? A. B. C. D. E. In, Al, Ga, Si, S In, Ga, Al, Si, S S, Si, Al, Ga, In Si, S, Al, Ga, In In, Ga Si, S, Al 28. Which of these species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. P (Z=15) Mo (Z=42) Mn (Z=25) Rb (Z=37) Cu (Z=29) 9. What would be the ground state electron configuration for Ge3+? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4p1 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4p2 30. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ? A. The square of the wavefunction, ? 2, is the total probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell at distance r from the nucleus B. The wavefunction, ? , is a solution to the Schrodinger equation C. Orbitals with the same n cannot overlap in space D. two of the other four statements are true E. For the same orbital type (i. e. ame l quantum number), orbitals with the higher n value will have a more negative energy Page 6, v2 Answer Key for Test Chem110MT1F05. tst, 10/12/2005 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 7 146 1 7 136 2 7 134 3 7 129 4 7 138 5 7 144 6 7 147 7 7 123 8 7 121 9 7 120 10 7 122 11 7 149 12 7 128 13 7 131 14 7 125 15 7 135 16 7 141 17 7 145 18 7 127 19 7 148 20 7 133 21 7 137 22 7 140 23 7 124 24 7 143 25 7 130 26 7 142 27 7 132 28 7 139 29 7 126 30 Correct Answer D E C C C A B D E E D B A D A C C D E E A A A D A D B B D B Page 1, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. Assume that we conduct a Stern Gerlach type experiment by passing a beam of cobalt (Co) atoms and zinc (Zn) atoms simultaneously through an external magnetic field. What would be the expected pattern on the detector? A. B. C. D. E. Two spots: one deflected up, one deflected down Four spots: two deflected up, two deflected down Three spots: one undeflected, one deflected up, one deflected down Two spots: one undeflected, one deflected up Three spots: two deflected up, one deflected down 2. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ Y3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2Se2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , BrKr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2- 3. Praseodymium (Pr Z=59) is one of the lanthanide (rare earth) elements. Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the orbital into which the last electron was filled for the element Pr? A. B. C. D. E. The number of radial nodes is greater than the number of angular nodes none of the other four statements is true The orbital contains valence electrons The orbital is one member of a set of seven degenerate orbitals The orbital is a 5f orbital . What would be a valid set of quantum numbers for the last electron filled in the electronic configuration for osmium (Os Z=76)? A. B. C. D. E. n = 6, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l= 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 5. Which of the following represents the orbit with the largest radius? A. B. C. D. E. n=4 orbit for He+ n =1 orbit for H n=2 orbit for Be3+ n=3 orbit for Li2+ n=3 orbit for H Page 1, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 6. Xe]f145d10 6s1 is the ground state electronic configuration of which species? A. B. C. D. E. Pb2+ Hg Pt Au Tl+ 7. The element seaborgium (Sg) has Z=106. What would you predict the electron configuration to of Sg2+ to be? A. B. C. D. E. [Rn] 5f12 6d4 7s2 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 [Rn] 6d4 The same configuration as rutherfordium (Rh) Z=104 8. What would be the ground state electron configuration for Ge3+? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4p1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 9. Which of the following species is the most paramagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Cr Ga+ N Fe3+ Os 10. If the wavelength of an electron is equal to the radius of the n=2 orbit in He+, what must the velocity of the electron be? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 38 x 107 m/s 6. 88 x 106 m/s 3. 44 x 106 m/s 5. 47 x 105 m/s The velocity cannot have an exact value Page 2, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 11. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 986104 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol 1. 196 x 105 kJ/mol None of these other four answers 1. 986 x 10-19 kJ/mol 12. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. That the light exhibited wave particle duality The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission None of these other four answers That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region 13. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm None of the other four statements is true The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm 14. Davisson and Germer (as well as G. P. Thompson) conducted a famous and important experiment. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning their experiment? A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four statements is true They observed diffraction patterns from photons confirming that light had wave properties They observed standing wave patterns from electrons confirming the existence of orbitals Their experiment contradicted DeBroglie’s equation They observed diffraction patterns of electrons confirming that matter had wave properties 15. If an electron was in an orbital with 1 radial node and 3 angular nodes, what type of orbital is the electron occupying? A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four answers 5p 4f 5f 4d Page 3, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 16. What would be a permitted value for the principle quantum number if we knew that the magnetic quantum number (ml) was 7? A. B. C. D. E. 5 6 7 none of these other four answers 15 17. Which of these species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. Mo (Z=42) P (Z=15) Cu (Z=29) Mn (Z=25) Rb (Z=37) 18. Which statement(s) is (are) FALSE in comparing the electronic transition from ni = 5 to nf =2 in H with that of electronic transition from ni = 2 to nf =5 in Be3+ A. A photon of the same frequency is involved in both transitions, but is emitted the H electronic transition and absorbed in the Be3+ electronic transition. B. The wavelength of the photon emitted by H is 16 times the wavelength of the photon absorbed by Be3+ C. The photon involved in the H transition lies in the visible spectrum while that involved in the Be3+ transition lies in the UV region of the spectrum. D. two of the other four statements are FALSE E. The transition in H is a Balmer emission series line 19. Arrange the following species in order of increasing radius Se, Pb, Sn, Ge, As? A. B. C. D. E. As, Se, Ge, Sn, Pb Se, Pb, As, Sn, Ge Pb, Sn, Ge, As, Se Se, As, Ge, Sn, Pb As, Ge, Sn, Pb, Se 20. One of the Lyman series emission lines for hydrogen (H) is observed at 102. nm. This transition involves an electron dropping down to the ground state level from a higher energy level. What is the ninitial value for the higher energy orbit (i. e. what is ni)? A. B. C. D. E. 4 3 1 2 None of the other four answers Page 4, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 21. Arrange the following species in order of increasing ionization energy: Al, In, Ga, Si, S? A. B. C. D. E. In, Al, Ga, Si, S S, Si, Al, Ga, In Si, S, Al, Ga, In In, Ga Si, S, Al In, Ga, Al, Si, S 22. How many valence electrons are found in tellurium (Te Z=52)? A. B. C. D. E. 2 6 1 4 16 3. Which is not a valid set of quantum numbers for an electron? A. B. C. D. E. n = 7, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 4, l = -2, ml = 2, ms = -1/2 n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 17, l = 16, ml = 16, ms = -1/2 24. Assume that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron is equal to its DeBroglie wavelength. What would be the uncertainty in the momentum for an electron traveling with a velocity of 1. 00 x 107 m/s? A. B. C. D. E. gt; h/(4*pi) gt; 7. 27 x 10-11 kg m/s gt; 1. 38 x 1024 kg m/s gt; 7. 25 x 10-25 kg m/s gt; 9. 09 x 10-24 kg m/s 25. What are the possible values for the orbital angular momentum quantum number l given the following values for the other three quantum numbers: n = 4, l = ? , ml = 0, ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E . 0, 1, 2, or 3 0 1, 2, 3, or 4 3 none of these answers Page 5, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 26. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ? A. The square of the wavefunction, ? 2, is the total probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell at distance r from the nucleus B. The wavefunction, ? , is a solution to the Schrodinger equation C. wo of the other four statements are true D. Orbitals with the same n cannot overlap in space E. For the same orbital type (i. e. same l quantum number), orbitals with the higher n value will have a more negative energy 27. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the species Sn2+? A. B. C. D. E. It has 48 protons in the nucleus It is a paramagnetic species It would be expected to have a larger radius than Sn none of these other four answers is true It has a completely filled f orbital set 28. The workfunction for Na is 2. 70 eV, for Mg is 3. 66 eV, and for Cs is 2. 14 eV. Assume we shine light with a wavelength of 400 nm on the surface of each of these metals. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the observed results? (Note 1 eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. Electrons are ejected from Mg and they have a velocity of 4. 4 x 105 m/s Electrons are ejected from both Cs and Na and they would have a greater velocity from Cs No electrons are ejected from Na, Mg, or Cs but would be if the light frequency were increased Electrons are not ejected from Mg, but would be if the intensity of the light were increased Two of the other four statements are true 9. Assume that at an elevated temperature, the ground state for Be3+ is n=5. What would be the ionization energy for this species in this case? (1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 216. 7 eV None of the other four answers 138. 7 eV 8. 667 eV 2. 167 eV 30. What would be the velocity of an electron ejected from sodium if light of 350 nm is directed at a surface of the metal (the workfunction for sodium is 2. 70 eV and 1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four answers 541 km/s 382 km/s 5. 41 x 105 km/s 17,010 km/s Page 6, v3 Answer Key for Test Chem110MT1F05. tst, 10/12/2005 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 7 129 1 7 133 2 7 123 3 7 135 4 7 143 5 7 146 6 7 122 7 7 139 8 7 136 9 7 121 10 7 145 11 7 144 12 7 125 13 7 124 14 7 140 15 7 148 16 7 132 17 7 128 18 7 134 19 7 141 20 7 142 21 7 147 22 7 127 23 7 131 24 7 120 25 7 126 26 7 149 27 7 130 28 7 137 29 7 138 30 Correct Answer C C D C E D B E A B B B D E D E A A D B E B C D A B D B D B Page 1, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. None of these other four answers 1. 196 x 105 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol 1. 986 x 10-19 kJ/mol 1. 986104 kJ/mol 2. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , BrKr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ Se2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Y3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2- 3. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission None of these other four answers That the light exhibited wave particle duality 4. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm None of the other fo

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Compare and contrast the British and American political systems - Essay Example The best ways are by comparing different political systems of societies from different geographical locations. Since the traditional and cultural values of each society are different, the thinking and the way of life would be very different if compared to one another. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) Therefore, a political system to one society is likely to be different if compared to another. At the same time, western society might be unfamiliar to the ways of the eastern society and vice-versa. Sometimes as time passes, there develops new theories of new political systems by great thinkers. So we see one political system being changed to another. (Harman, 2003, 99-105) This proves that it's impossible to take just one time frame as different political systems developed at different time lines. In each society they have adopted to a mutual understanding of what's right and what's wrong. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) For example: Howard Becker suggests "social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders." (Harman, 2003, 99-102) Therefore at times, we see revolutions that bring about a whole new political system, even though sometimes althea promises that was to come with the new system vanishes somewhere. Politics cannot be pinned down to a single aspect of life, it occurs throughout society, it involves every aspect of our lives, but it is especially concentrated in the modern nation state. It is the nation state that "establishes sovereign jurisdiction within defined boundaries...the state commands ultimate power in that it stands above all other associations and groups in society; it's laws demand the compliance of all those who live within its boundaries." (McWhi rter, 1994, 36-42) In politics there is a phrase that says, power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely'. What it means is that everyone who comes by political power becomes corrupted morally from the opportunities that this power brings with it. This really applies to most people since they shape their morality in line with social pressure. In other words, at first they are scared of society's disapproval and punishment and therefore avoid immorality, however, when power makes them strong, it decreases social pressure and as a result they become corrupted. (Rabb, 2003, 45-57) Religion is undoubtfully a big influence in society but it has declined in countries like the US and UK in the past century. Capitalism is thought to be behind the reason for the decline in organised religion in the US and UK. Each of the three political systems noted above is a type of democracy. The exact nature of that democracy can vary considerably however. In 1996 an estimated 117 countries were on record as being democracies (Sussman 1996, 118-125). Even in countries as similar as the United States and Great Britain this is often the case. The way the United States views representative democracy varies in some ways from the way this concept is viewed in the United Kingdom. This variance is obvious in numerous aspects of government, especially in terms of overall governmental structure. Democracy is indeed a grand and glorious concept,

Recharch in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recharch in business - Essay Example In general these people are called or considered as leaders within their particular field of operation. The term leadership simply means the method of influencing a group of people & guiding them towards the accomplishment of a common objective. Our present topic of discussion is the effect of leadership within a workplace and its application within the management of an organization. Generally the organizations get highly benefitted by the implementation of proper leadership approaches as it results in improved quality of goods & services produced by the organization (Maslanka, 2004). What is leadership? Leadership refers to the way by which an individual organizes a group of people so as to achieve a common goal. Leadership is a process of social influence in which an individual attempts to gain the support and help of a group of people to accomplish a common goal (Northouse, 2010, p.4). â€Å"Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined b y results not attributes†-Peter Drucker (RAUP, 2012). â€Å"A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way†- John C. Maxwell (Akbarzadeh, 2011, p. 123). ... A leader must be reliable, and must be able to offer trust and confidence to his or her followers. A leader must be able to communicate to his or her followers clearly and efficiently. Proper supervision is essential. A leader must be modest, helpful and co-operative as because he or she have to lead a team of followers. Dictatorship is an important characteristic of a leader, but it needs to be fair and just. Overconfidence and ruling attitude has a negative impact. A leader must be capable of handling responsibilities and take strategic decisions as per requirement (Maxwell, n.d). Leadership styles 1. Transformational Style- in this style the leader guides and transforms the staff. The leader makes continuous efforts to address the grievances of the employees and motivate them for improved performance. Here open communication between the staff and the leader is always encouraged and the leader follows participative style of management. The staff gets highly influenced by the leader in Transformational Leadership Style. (Lai, 2011) 2. Transactional Style- Here the main focus of the leader is on management’s objectives. In this style the leader constantly motivate his followers by offering rewards for completed tasks. These leaders are mostly work oriented; they usually follow a particular structure and practice directive style of management. In this style of management, innovativeness and creativity are ignored and people are often motivated by the use of extrinsic motivational factors like incentive and holiday trip (Hood, 2007, p.16) 3. Laissez-faire Style- This is also termed as Passive Leadership which exercises least control on the staff. The managers avoid the responsibility of setting objectives and

Elder Abuse and Living Arrangements in Late Adulthood Essay Example for Free

Elder Abuse and Living Arrangements in Late Adulthood Essay Late adulthood is a period of various biological changes which can impact on an individual’s health and ability to function as easily in society. The stereotypical changes of this stage are paler less elastic skin resulting in wrinkles, thinning hair gradually turning from grey to white, weaker bones, muscle loss, and vision and hearing impairments e. g. cataracts and difficulty with word discrimination. There are changes to the brain also, such as the loss of dendrites which causes a reduction in brain weight and volume and slower synaptic speeds resulting in slower reaction times (Bee 1998, p. 53). Their immune system slows down as well, becoming less effective, and making them more prone to illness (Fernandez 2010, p. 794). Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and is a change in the brain structure due to the tangling of dendritic fibres in the brain causing severe memory loss and personality changes (Bee 1998, p. 459). Overall, the elderly are more likely to have a chronic illness and disabilities which may impact upon their ability to bathe, walk, feed themselves, prepare meals, shop, dress themselves, and even live independently (Bee 1998, p. 56). This stage of life is characterised by a number of stresses and is a time of reflection. An individual’s changing work status, in particular when they retire, can be a source of stress as work is a major component of adult life and they now have to find other activities to fill their day. There is also the uncertainty of their financial future and whether they will have enough to live comfor tably off (Fernandez 2010, pp. 853-855). Their health or partner’s health may be another source of stress for them, especially if it results in a caring role being required to complete everyday tasks; and the knowledge that their life is coming to an end (Fernandez 2010, pp. 867-868). Fernandez (2010, p. 851) states that late adulthood is a â€Å" time of looking back and taking stock of where we’ve been, what we’ve accomplished, and whom we have touched. † This results in a process called ‘Life Review’ which is gradually looking back at past experiences analysing and evaluating them to develop more secure and complex self concepts (Bee 1998, p. 02). Social interaction is an important part of life, continuing on in late adulthood and is associated with good health and life satisfaction. The elderly have frequent contact with family, finding strong emotional and practical support through them, especially adult children, and tend to have lower levels of institutionalisation with couple s and relatives providing a high level of care and assistance to each other (Bee 1998, pp. 484-490). Friendships play an important role in late adulthood, with many enjoying time with friends more than with family (Fernandez 2010, p. 43). They provide companionship, intimacy, acceptance, opportunities for laughter, sharing of activities, links to a larger community, and protection from the psychological consequences of loss (Berk 1998, p. 609). In late adulthood where and with whom individuals are going to live is an issue they face. There are a number of options available to the elderly such as mobile homes, age segregated villages/communities, institutions, with family, or in their own home (Kalish 1975, pp. 97-99). Deciding which option is the most suitable for an individual can be influenced by a variety of things, such as health, disability, socio-economic status (SES) and culture. Mobile homes such as caravans suit those looking for a low cost and informal arrangement, however, those that have a mobility affecting disability or very poor health may not be suited to this option as they are usually small and on outskirts of towns (Kalish 1975, p. 98). Age segregated villages/communities include retirement homes that provide independent living arrangements or some support depending on the individual’s needs (Johnson 1960, p. 7). They tend to be in semi-isolated areas (making it hard for those with serious health issues to access medical attention), and are quite expensive (only those of high SES tend to be able to afford them) (Kalish 1975, pp. 98-99). The most common institution for the elderly is a nursing home, which cares for those who need considerable attention due to severe physic al or mental disabilities (approximately 5% of the aged population) (Kalish 1975, p. 99). Some residents are unable to feed, dress or bathe themselves, are incontinent or unaware of where or even who they are (Kalish 1975, p. 9). Medicare subsidises some of the costs, but not enough, meaning some individuals are still unable to cover the costs (Kalish 1975, p. 99). Family members provide the most long term care, whether that is a spouse, partner or adult children (Berk 1998, p. 575). It is more common for an elder of an eastern culture to live with their children and extended family, even if healthy, than for an elder from a western culture. Most individuals, even with a moderate disease or health problem, don’t live with relatives, but in their own house (Bee 1998, pp. 82-483). Living in their own home provides the greatest personal control, but those living alone are often poverty stricken and have unmet needs (Berk 1998, p. 601). This is where the Government and charity or ganisations help; they both provide small homes at low costs in suitable areas, as well as providing services such as home help (cleaning mainly), home visiting, and Meals on Wheels (Johnson 1960, p. 48). Elder abuse is a very real and serious issue that occurs during the late adulthood stage of life. There are many different types of elder abuse, including physical abuse (use of physical force resulting in injury, pain or impairment), sexual (non-consensual sexual contact), emotional/psychological (inflicting anguish, emotional pain or distress), neglect (failure to fulfil obligations or duties to an elder), financial exploitation (improper use of an elder’s funds, property or assets), and medical abuse (failing to provide adequate medical treatment or misusing medications) (Biggs 1995, pp. 6-37). It can also be intentional (conscious and deliberate attempt to inflict harm) or unintentional (inadvertent action resulting in harm, usually due to ignorance, inexperience, lack of desire or inability to provide proper car) (CSAP’s Prevention Pathways 2004). Stereotypically, it is nursing home residents that are more likely to be abused, as they are believed to be â€Å"vegetables†, and Kalish (1975, p. 9) states that health care professionals sometimes describe fe eding the resident using the expression, â€Å"watering the vegetables† which highlights this view and often leads to elder abuse as a way of degrading the elder and punishing them for needing attention and help. Unfortunately many nursing staff receive little or no in-service training and receive a very poor wage, so they feel out of their depths and do not enjoy the tasks required of them, which increases the risk of elder abuse as they feel frustrated, especially if the elder’s abilities are declining and need more care (Kalish 1975, p. 00). This leads to very few long term facilities providing intellectual or sensory stimulation. The more staff fail to stimulate the residents, the more they have to do for them, and the more the residents sink into despondency, creating more stress and frustration for the carers; becoming a viscous cycle (Kalish 1975, p. 100). The lack of stimulation itself, could be a form of unintentional neglect, as their intellectual needs are n ot being met. Despite the stereotypical view of nursing homes, it is in fact those who live in their own homes or with family who are abused the most, and it is the family that are usually the abusers, especially sons (Biggs 1995, p. 41). Victims of psychological or physical abuse tend to be physically well but have emotional problems while the abusers tend to have issues with alcohol and/or mental illness and live with the victim and are usually dependent on them (Biggs 1995, p. 43). Victims of neglect are usually very old and mentally or physically impaired with very little social support, and the abuser suffers chronic and continuing stress (Biggs 1995, p. 43). Those who are unmarried with limited support are at more risk of being financial exploited, with the abuser having financial problems or dependent on the victim for finances and accommodation (Biggs 1995, p. 43). In 1993 the Commonwealth Government established the Working Party on the Protection of Frail Older People in the Community to protect the rights of residents in nursing homes (Biggs 1995, p. 53). Interestingly, mandatory reporting legislation that America has was rejected by most states in Australia at first and it wasn’t until July 2007 that compulsory reporting of unlawful sexual contact or unreasonable use of force was brought in, but this still doesn’t cover all elder abuse and only applies to residents of an Australian Government subsidised aged care facility (Aged Rights Advocacy Service 2012). Erik Erikson was a German psychoanalyst who developed an eight stage psychosocial development theory; this essay will focus on his last stage, ego integrity versus despair (Fernandez 2010, p. 21). The basic concept of this stage is the question ‘Was my life meaningful? ’ and involves looking back on one’s life to determine this. The hope is that the individual will come to terms with and accept who they are and have been, the choices they have made, and the opportunities they have gained and lost, and their impending death and thus achieve the vi rtue of wisdom (Bee 1998, p. 501). If they don’t come to terms with their life they develop despair, where they feel dissatisfied with their life and feel it is too late to change it (Berk 1998, p. 88). For example, someone who has very poor health and is reliant on others to help care for them may feel like a burden and have a sense of hopelessness resulting in them continuing to live alone as they do not wish to put others out. While someone else may view it as they’ve lived a long healthy life up until now and they have a loving family who is willing to help them in their old age, leaving them with a sense of fulfilment and satisfaction, and will happily move in with relatives. Another example might be living in a retirement home, some elderly may come to resent the age segregation and feel like society has pushed them to the outskirts to die, while others may feel stronger social connections, higher morale and a general higher life satisfaction due to the close proximity of others of similar age. Erikson’s theory is valuable in providing a guideline by which to understand this stage, but is it as clear cut as having integrity or despairing? Maxine Walaskay classified elderly into one of four categories, integrity achieved (aware of their ageing and accept the life lived); despairing (negative evaluation of life); foreclosed (content with their current life but resist self exploration); and dissonant (just beginning to evaluate their life) (Bee 1998, p. 501). Walaskay’s classification seems to say that not all individuals in this life stage look back on their life and evaluate it, that those in the foreclosed category base it on where their life is at now, so it would seem that Erikson’s theory does not apply to everyone in this life stage. Stress as a transaction theory looks at a stimulus only becoming a stressor when it is perceived that way by the individual, and whether they believe they have the resources to cope. In terms of elder abuse it would focus on the increasing dependency of the elder and a burden of care giving as the cause of stress thus increasing the risk of abuse (CSAP’s Prevention Pathways 2004). It proposes that there are factors influencing the risk of elder abuse in terms of elder related (physical or emotional dependency, poor health, impaired mental status and a ‘difficult’ personality), structural related (emotional strain, social isolation and environmental problems) and carer related factors (life crisis and burn out or exhaustion) (Biggs 1995, p. 25). For example an institutionalised resident’s dementia worsens making them more reliant on the carer, leading to more stress as the carer may not feel they have the capabilities to handle increased roles and this may cause them to abuse the resident. Another example could be an only child suffering extreme financial distress due to gambling debts, who lives with their mentally impaired mother and feels they cannot pay their own debs so they fraudulently use their mother’s funds. This theory looks at the relationship between the dependency of the elder and the stress this creates resulting in abusive behaviour, which research has been unable to prove (Biggs 1995, p. 30). According to this theory, by reducing the level of care giving stress, the likelihood of elder abuse would decrease as well, but this doesn’t take into account other factors that may be attributing to the abuse such as power roles (being physically and mentally more powerful and degrading and abusing the elder as a way to exert and maintain that power), and even a history of violence (if the elder was abusive earlier in their life and the abused becomes their carer, such as a wife or child, then the carer may have learnt that behaviour and carry it on by abusing the elder). There are many biological, psychological and social factors that impact individuals in the late adulthood stage of life, which can contribute to issues they face such as the influence of an individual’s health, ability to function effectively in society and social networks on where and with whom to live and the occurrence of elder abuse. The two theories, Erikson’s ego integrity versus despair and the stress as a transaction theory help provide some guidelines to examine the issues of living arrangements and elder abuse faced by individuals in this stage of life. Reference List Aged Rights Advocacy Service 2012, Mandatory Reporting: Elder Abuse and the Law, Aged Rights Advocacy Service Inc. , accessed 23 September 2012, lt;http://www. sa. agedrights. asn. au/residential_care/preventing_elder_abuse/elder_abuse_and_the_law/mandatory_reportinggt; Bee, H 1998, Lifespan Development, 2nd edn, Longman, Sydney Berk, L 1998, Development through the Lifespan, Allyn amp; Bacon, Needham Heights Biggs, S, Kingston, P amp; Phillipson, C 1995, Elder Abuse in Perspective, Open University Press, Buckingham CSAP’s Prevention Pathways: Online Courses 2004, Out of the Shadows: Uncovering substance use and elder abuse, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, accessed 23 September 2012, lt;http://pathwayscourses. samhsa. gov/elab/elab_1_pg1. htmgt; Fernandez, E 2010, SOCW1003: Human Behaviour 1: Life stress and the life span, McGraw Hill, North Ryde Johnson, E 1960, ‘Social Provisions for the Aged: With special reference to accommodation, clubs and foster homes’, in A Stoller (ed), Growing Old: Problems of Old Age in the Australian Community, Halstead Press, Sydney pp. 46-53 Kalish, R 1975, Late Adulthood: Perspectives on Human Development, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, California

Agriculture Technology Essay -- Farming Technologies Essays

Agriculture Technology People have depended on agriculture for years as the primary source of getting food. We have developed all kinds of ways to manipulate nature so what we can produce higher yield crops, more nutritious crops, bigger crops, crops that withstand cold, and farming equipment that allows us to manufacture these crops with relative ease. Why then are there five billion people being malnourished and forty thousand children dying each day from hunger? It seems as though world hunger is more a result of the lack of distributing the food properly than the lack of quantity. agriculture has turned into a high profit business and biotech companies like Monsanto are constantly trying to come up with better and more efficient ways of farming. Are they doing this to try to solve the world hunger crisis, or merely to make a profit? Background In Agriculture The first people that started to depend on farming for food were in Israel and Jordan in about 80000 B.C.. Farming became popular because people no longer had to rely on just searching for food to get their food. In about 3000 B.C. Countries such as Egypt and Mesopotamia started to develop large scale irrigation systems and oxen drawn plows. In about 500 B.C. the Romans started to realize that the soil needed certain nutrients in order to bare plants. They also realized that if they left the soil for a year with no plants, these important nutrients would replenish. So they started to leave half of a field fallow (unplanted). They then discovered that they could use legumes, or pulses to restore these vital nutrients, such as nitrogen, to the soil and this started the process known as rotating crops. They would plant half the field one year with a legume... ...ural land to produce soybeans, and manioc for export to feed cattle. As you can see the real cause of hunger is the lack of access to food, not the lack of food itself. Hopefully some day we will be able to distribute the food that we have to all of the hungry people across the world. This would be the real fix to the problem, not genetically altered foods. Bibliography Thompson, Paul B. Agricultural Ethics. Iowas State University Press: Ames, Iowa, 1998 Barbour, Ian Ethics in An Age Of Technology. Harper Collins Publishers Inc: New York, 1993 Altieri, Miguel A. Genetic Engineering In Agriculture. Food First Books: California, 2001 Thompson, Paul B. and Stout, Bill A. Beyond The Large Farm. Westview Press, Inc.: Colorado 1991 The World Book Encyclopedia.World Book, Inc.: Chicago 1993 Links http://www.biotech-info.net http://www.foe.org

Intel Core I7 Essay

Intel made some dramatic changes in the Nehalem microarchitecture in order to offer new features and capacity in the core i7 family processors. In the coming paragraph we will explore the details of some features and their influence on control and measurement application. Intel moved the memory controller and PCI Express controller from the northbridge to the CPU die, in order to reduce the number of external databus . These changes increase data-throughput and reduce the latency for memory and PCI Express data transactions. (Figure 1) Intel inserts a distributed shared memory architecture using Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI). QPI is the new point-to-point interconnects for connecting a CPU to either a chipset or another CPU. Intel’s decisions have more significant impact for multiprocessor systems. These improvements make the Core i7 family of processors ideal for test and measurement applications such as high-speed design validation and high-speed data record and playback. CPU Performance Boost via Intel Turbo Boost Technology To provide a good performance and to optimize the processor power consumption, Intel introduced a new feature called Intel Turbo Boost. Intel Turbo Boost is a new feature that automatically allows active processor cores to run faster than the operating frequency when certain conditions are met. Intel Turbo Boost is activated when the operating system requests the highest processor performance state. The maximum frequency of the specific processing core on the Core i7 processor is dependent on the number of active cores, and the amount of time the processor spends in the Turbo Boost state depends on the workload and operating environment. Figure 3. Intel Turbo Boost features offer processing performance gains for all applications regardless of the number of execution threads created. Figure 3 illustrates how the operating frequencies of the processing cores in the quad-core Core i7 processor change to offer the best performance for a specific workload type. In an idle state, all four cores operate at their base clock frequency. If an application that creates four discrete execution threads is initiated, then all four processing cores start operating at the quad-core turbo frequency. If the application creates only two execution threads, then two idle cores are put in a low-power state and their power is diverted to the two active cores to allow them to run at an even higher clock frequency. Similar behavior would apply in the case where the applications generate only a single execution thread.

Fast Food and Obesity Essay

In today’s society, fast food has become a large part of many American’s lives. With the rising numbers of obese people, it is hard not to draw a correlation between the increase in fast food and obesity. Most obese people don’t want to be obese and wish they could lose weight, yet they continue to struggle with their fast food intake and obesity. This is due to the advertising done on the consumers, the highly addictive food itself, and most importantly, how advertising and addiction combine with children to form habits that are kept once they become adults. These factors are the reasons that fast food restaurants are to blame for the rising obesity and health risks across America. The government needs to step in and place restrictions on these fast food restaurants so they will stop taking advantage of people’s weaknesses. So with that said, I actually disagree with Weintraub’s point. And that is why I believe that the fast food industry is at blame for this issue. Before we go into detail about how fast food companies are to blame for people over eating their food, it first must be proven that fast food is indeed the main problem causing today’s obesity in America. It is known to many people how the number of fast food restaurants in America has increased tremendously over the past several decades, but it is difficult to calculate by how much due to the lack of certain data. Also, it is difficult whether or not to categorize certain restaurants as fast food. Although, a good way to get a feel on the growth of the fast food industry is to take a look at McDonald’s, which has been America’s most popular fast food chain for decades. In 1968 McDonald’s open its 1,000th American restaurant. This number has increased to 13,800 restaurants in 2011, which really shows how much more fast food people are consuming compared to the past. Consider the increase of almost fourteen times in the number of McDonald’s restaurants, with the number of obese adults between the ages of 20 and 74 over a similar time period. From 1960-62 to 2005-06 the number of obese Americans almost tripled from 13.4% to 35.1%. These two extreme upward trends might make a convincing case that the extra fast food intake has caused the rise in obesity rates, and it may very well be a good indication, but it is far from  proof. Too many things have changed over the years, from the way the average American exercises, to the types of other food that people are consuming. Now that it has been established that fast food is the main cause behind the rising obesity numbers in America, it is time to dig deeper and show how exactly these fast food chains are at fault for this issue. A common topic when talking about people overeating fast food is addiction. When numbers are brought up about obesity and how often people visit fast food restaurants, people tend to ignore it and are categorized as fat people who are too lazy to cook their own food or break the habit of visiting fast food restaurants. However, people don’t realize the true addictive power that food can have on someone, especially fast food. While people try to use their willpower to stay away from fast food restaurants, they often fail due to the countless TV, radio, billboard, and online advertisements that draw them back in. Fast food advertising has been increasing over the years. In 2009, the American fast food industry spent over $4.2 billion on advertising. That might seem like an illogical amount of money to spend on advertising, but it lead to over $140 billion in sales, so these fast food restaurants must know what they’re doing. It is obvious that this tremendous advertising is leading to greater sales, otherwise these restaurant’s marketing teams would not be spending so much. As profit-seeking corporations, fast food restaurants cannot be blamed for wanting to advertise as much as they do, but that doesn’t mean that their advertising isn’t a huge problem in our society. Advertising clearly leads to greater consumption of fast food which leads to obesity and other health risks. Although fast food advertising as a whole is a huge issue, the far greater concern is the way children are targeted in today’s advertisements. In a 2007 report done by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, they found that the average child in America views 15 television commercials per day. This isn’t necessarily a problem as long as these commercial are composed of mostly healthy foods. This is such a huge problem due to children being more easily manipulated by food advertising. Their experiment discovered that children who viewed food advertisements ate 45%  more food than children who viewed non-food advertisements. Add all this up, and it comes to no surprise that in the last 30 years, the number of overweight and at risk children has more than tripled to 34%. It is clear that changes need to be made regarding fast food advertising, particularly involving children. Change needs to come soon as children will soon develop habits of high fast food consumption, which has our society pointed towards an unhealthy future. Efforts have been made in order to cause change, but it clearly hasn’t been enough. This is why the government needs to step in and regulate how much these restaurants are allowed to advertise. Not only does the government need to regulate the volume of advertisements, but more importantly they need to stop the fast food restaurants from targeting certain demographics. For example, not allowing advertisements on children’s television shows will decrease the wanting of food as often. As for what they are allowed to advertise, there definitely needs to be an emphasis placed on healthy food choices. Over the past decade, fast food restaurants have been offering more and healthier food choices or alternatives on their menus. These alternatives are most often salads, but also include grilled chicken sandwiches amongst other items. These so called â€Å"healthy alternatives† appear to be healthy, which is what the fast food restaurants are most concerned about. However, these alternatives are not always as healthy as they seem. With every passing moment, the over-popularity of fast food becomes more of a difficulty as it causes obesity numbers to skyrocket across the nation. Normally, the choices should ultimately lie in the hands of the people to choose healthier lifestyles, and decreases their reliance on fast food. However, in this instance, due to the validity of fast food addiction, along with too much advertising, and the cheap menu alternatives offered, people have been unable to make a change, and continue to head in the wrong direction. But until Americans take measures to mend the problems fast food has created, it’ll take some time for us to become a healthier nation.

Why Writing MBA Essays So Important

Why Writing MBA Essays So Important Those who want to get to a prestigious business school have to overcome more and more challenges every year. You need to have impressive marks and skills to continue your education in Wharton, Stanford, or Harvard. You need good recommendations, high GMAT and GPA scores, and a brilliant essay. Many students get surprised by how important MBA essays are for their academic future. Indeed, without this detail, all the high scores don’t guarantee that you’ll gain entrance to one of these schools and to many others. What Makes MBA Essays So Important Your essay is the most personal thing about you. There are thousands of applicants, and each one of them has some test scores that they may be proud of. All these scores are just numbers, in fact, there are many people with the same numbers as you. In such a situation, you need something that will make you stand out. You need to tell your story and introduce yourself so that others will see you as a person. The best MBA Essay Writing Service Now that you understand that MBA essays are really important for the future of your education, what should you do if you’re not sure you can write a great essay? The answer is simple. All you need to do is contact us, and we will provide you with high-quality MBA assistance. If you have already prepared some drafts, you can share them with our writers, and they will turn them into a masterpiece. You can also contact your writer directly, monitoring the writing process and being sure that the final result will meet all necessary requirements. Custom Essays Our essays are original. Our customers know that their papers will be written from scratch, and we value their trust. This is how we work: Once you’ve got a topic, contact us and describe all details that are important for you to make your essays as personal as possible. Contact your writer during the writing process and tell him or her about any changes that you’d like to make. Get your essay, review it, and tell what you’d like to change or add. Submit your paper to a school of your choice and impress them with your brilliant essay! Essay Editing You can contact our writers and show them your own drafts. We have many experienced editors who will polish your essay and make it outstanding. Focusing. Sometimes students forget about the initial question of their essay. In this case, our editors will fix this problem and make sure your essay is focused on the main topic. Proofreading. We will check your grammatical and spelling errors as well as the structure of your sentences and punctuation, to make your essay perfect. Contouring. Our editors will improve the flow of your story, making soft logical transitions between your ideas and making your essay pleasurable to read.

15 Influential People You Should be Following on Social Media

15 Influential People You Should be Following on Social Media You’re on the job hunt, doing all the things you’re supposed to be doing. Updating your resume, writing cover letters, doing interview prep, and working on your network. That’s all great, but can sometimes be frustrating- not to mention lonely. If you start to feel like you’re stuck in your own echo chamber and need a fresh perspective, why not tune into some of the best movers and shakers of career development and inspiration?Here are 15 people to follow when you need a job hunting boost.1. Kathryn Minshew (Twitter)Minshew founded The Muse and gives great general career/job search advice as well as news briefs in the career world.2. Simon Sinek (Twitter)Sinek is a motivational speaker and writer who has made a successful living analyzing the communication habits of successful leaders. Check out his books (Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action  and  Leaders Eat Last: Why Some Teams Pull Together and Some Don’t) and hi s social media.3. Hannah Morgan (Twitter)Morgan founded CareerSherpa and is an expert job search/career guru who doles out great advice on â€Å"solopreneurship† as well as self-branding and finding your next big opportunity.4. Abby Kohut (Twitter)Kohut founded Absolutely Abby, and is a career coach and recruiter. She got named among the â€Å"Top 25 Women To Follow On Twitter For Your Job Search† by CEO World and also tours the country in her career advice RV. She’s also great at what she does.5. Guy Kawaski (Twitter)Kawaski is the former â€Å"chief evangelist† of Apple. He’s one of the best speakers out there- about career, business, and leadership- and super motivational. His feed is full of advice and sometimes even a cute animal clip.6. Adam Toren (Twitter)Toren founded Young Entrepreneur and is an author and an entrepreneur himself. He’s great because he doesn’t just focus on young job seekers. He has advice for those of any ag e wishing to turn to entrepreneurship and make a career/branding leap.7. Seth Godin (Twitter)Godin is the quintessential career coach. He’s the bestselling author of 14 books about leadership, marketing, branding, and personal growth. Read his feed for links to his blog and get insights straight from the guru.8. Women 2.0 (Twitter)Women 2.0 actually offers good advice for any gender, though it is a media company specializing in education/innovation and business opportunities for women. Gain great insights into diversity and learn about opportunities for any entrepreneur starting out.9. Randi Zuckerberg (Twitter)Zuckerberg is the other Zuckerberg’s sister, and the author of Dot Complicated. She’s a social media legend, with great insights on how to use the internet to brand yourself personally and professionally and follow in her excellent footsteps to social media domination.10. Elon Musk (Twitter)Musk is a tech innovator extraordinaire. He’s also a CEO a nd overall â€Å"it† influencer in the executive world. Follow him for insights on how to redefine leadership and innovation in the science and business worlds.11. Laszlo Block (LinkedIn)Block wrote Work Rules! and is a senior adviser at Google. He also publishes a lot of excellent content on LinkedIn, about his work at Google as well as his leadership experience.12. Lisa Gates (LinkedIn)Gates founded She Negotiates, and is a killer career coach. She offers tons of great tips on how to negotiate successfully- and nearly all of us could use some work in that department. Learn how to be your best advocate when asking for a raise or a promotion, or even a starting salary.13. Meg Guiseppi (LinkedIn)Giuseppi is a branding guru, career and personal branding coach. She writes articles that have great strategies and tips for taking yourself to the next level.14. Heather Huhman (LinkedIn)Huhman is a digital marketing specialist and career coach who focuses on Gen Y (pre-Millenials). I f you’re not Gen X and not quite a Millenial, then she has great career advice for you to help you build, or rebuild, your career and negotiate changes over the course of your working life.15. Paul Freiberger (LinkedIn)Freiberger is a job search consultant and resume writer who doesn’t post terribly often, but the articles he does post are extremely worthwhile- often covering topics that don’t tend to be discussed as much.Remember, following folks on Twitter and LinkedIn gets you tons of free advice. You can decide how involved to get, but it’s always good to get a sense of what’s available out there. The resources are out there for you to find (and follow)!