Brazil s Global Financial Crisis - 1960 Words

Brazil is the largest economy in Latin America and the seventh largest economy in the world with a GDP of US$2.246 trillion as of 2014. It has only been within the last few years that Brazil has begun to reap the benefits of nearly two decades of reform. A strong performance through the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) highlighted the country’s newfound stability as much of the reason for this strong performance can be traced to a series of specific policy decisions that have attacked glaring issues hindering economic growth. Brazil’s implementation of such strategies as the Growth Acceleration Plan, Bolsa Familia and My House, My Life have all encouraged and facilitated the foreign and domestic investment that has propelled Brazil’s†¦show more content†¦Better known as PAC – this program contributed to preventing a greater drop in economic activity and also facilitate the policy response to the crisis. PAC, although primarily an economic growth pol icy had a great impacts on economic development. The introduction of PAC saw the creation of many jobs and as a result the unemployment steadily shrunk from 10.2% in 2007 to 4.7% as of October 2014. Even during the Global Financial crisis unemployment only rose 0.7% , which can be seen in figure 2. Figure 2 In addition, on the one hand, in the period 2007-08 the primary budget was around 4% of GDP and furthermore, Brazil and most other emerging countries benefited from higher commodity prices, basically as a result of a positive external

American General Corporation - 1014 Words

American General Corporation Evaluating the Risk of the American General Corporation we started from looking at companys market standing from potential investors point of view. First we take a look at the companies profile. American General Corporation is a diversified financial services organization, provides retirement services, life insurance, and consumer loans. The company offers retail financial programs through fifteen thousand merchants. American General Corp. operates in 41 states. Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands. Well, first we find out that American General Corporation is a blue chip, multibillion dollar company. This tells us right from the beginning that this financial giant is really worth†¦show more content†¦The company is very careful with its investments. AGS decreases its investments into the below investment grade securities ( have credit rating below BBB- ) from 5% at June 31 of 1998 to 4% at December 31 of 1997%. The company invests in below investment securities to enhance the overall yield of the portfolio. Investment income from below investment grade securities was $148 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. This tells us that this company is not looking for the quick profit, so it does not through its money around passing on opportunities for greater rate of return on equity for stability and safety. For some investors this might seem as an extreme measure, because after all earning money on market is all about risk. But for those who investors who a re looking for a stable and secure investment American General Corporation should fit the profile. Then again, getting rid of risky investments moved companys beta closer to market beta ( which considered to be 1 and AGC beta right now is about .95 ) was not such a good idea, because now with there is a more chance for the company to take a deeper dive with recession of overall U.S. economy. 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Review of Authentic and Transformational Leadership †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Review of Authentic and Transformational Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Listen with curiosity. Speak with honesty. Act with integrity. The greatest problem with communication is we dont listen to understand. We listen to reply. When we listen with curiosity, we dont listen with the intent to reply. We listen for whats behind the words. The above quoted lines of Roy T. Bennett from his famous work The Light in the Heart provides a clear account of the traits which a good leader must possess. Leadership in my opinion can be defined as the ability or the quality of the individuals to motivate as well as lead others to the desired goals or the aims of a company or business organization (Schyns Schilling, 2013). Therefore, leadership forms an important aspect of the entire process of strategic management. I believe that the various companies as well as business organizations often use the help of an effective leader to bring about their overall growth as well as development (Yukl, 2013). In my course work I came across various kinds of leadership styles and the effectiveness of the chosen style depends on the company or the organization and the scenario in which that particular style is being used (Pierce Newstrom, 2002). However, in my opinion the most commonly used styles of leadership style are transformational, au tocratic, democratic, transactional, dictatorial and others (Pierce Newstrom, 2002). Transformational style of leadership is one of the most commonly used styles of leadership. Transformational style of leadership can be defined as the style of leadership in which a leader works with subordinates to identify needed change, creating a vision to guide the change through inspiration, and executing the change in tandem with committed members of a group (Northouse, 2010). However, in the opinion of James McGregor Burns (1978), the transformational style is one where the leaders and their followers raise one another to higher levels of morality and motivation. It is to be noted that there are various attributes of a transformational leader like effective motivation, setting clear goals and objectives, enhancing the performance level of his or her followers with the help of several innovative and new mechanism and others (Beech MacIntosh, 2017). The term "Transformational leadership" was coined by James McGregor Burns however the concept was explained in the present day co ntext of business world by Bernard M. Bass (Schyns Schilling, 2013). There are several characteristics associated with the transformational style of leadership like positive development as well as the growth of the followers, emphasis on the values of extrinsic leadership, outlining topmost priorities, creation of an ethical climate, the promotion of harmony and co-operation among the followers and various others (Banks et al., 2016). In the present day business environment several of the business managers as well as CEO use the various precepts of the transformational style of leadership to cause the overall growth as well as the development of the company or the business organization in which they work (Hoch et al., 2016). A typical example of this style of leadership is the leadership style of Howard Schultz which he used for the expansion of the business of the coffee caf chain Starbucks (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). It is to be noted that initially the company Starbucks was a smaller one and it was the effective leadership of Schultz which transformed the small coffee caf Starbucks into one of the largest companies of the world (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Another preacher of this particular style of leadership is Bill Gates. It is significant to note that Bill Gates used this particular style of leadership to motivate as well as influence his employees in the company Microsoft (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Many experts consider the effective leadership of Bill Gates to be one of the major reasons for the phenomenal growth as well as development of the company Microsoft. The Transformational Leadership Theory of David Burkus provides valuable insight into the machinery of the transformational style of leadership. In his theory he outlines four essential characteristics of a transformational leaders namely, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence and individualized consideration (Fritz et al., 2005). It is generally seen that these four components have significantly associated with positive emotions and outcomes in the workplace as well as in team projects performed online (Fritz et al., 2005). In the opinion of Burkus, these four traits are the quintessential traits or the features of a transformational leader. It is to be noted that through the aspect of inspirational motivation the transformational leaders try to motivate their various followers to perform in a much better manner and also helps them to achieve their set objectives or goals. The aspect of intellectual stimulation is used by the various transformationa l leaders for the purposes of stimulation so that they can perform in a much better manner (Fritz et al., 2005). The aspect of idealized influence is used by the various transformational leaders to influence the employees to perform better (Hoch et al., 2016). Finally the concept of individualized consideration is used by the various transformational leaders for the purpose of focusing on the skills of individuals followers so that they can perform as per their abilities as well as capabilities (Hoch et al., 2016). Therefore, many people are of the opinion that implementing transformational leadership has many positive outcomes not only in the workplace but in other situations as well (Hoch et al., 2016). It is to be noted that there are various problems as well as challenges which the present day project managers and the leaders face. Some of the common problems faced by them are team issues, project resources, authority, scope creep, budget control, virtual work and others. The various present day leaders as well as project managers have therefore developed several strategies in a bid to combat the issues faced by them. It is seen that the various present day leaders use innovative team strategies for the management of their teams in order to counteract the issues of conflict within the team. In addition to this, the various leaders also utilize the concept of effective budget control to control the level of expenses incurred by their team and also for the effective utilization of the resources of the company or the business organization concerned. In the present times it is also seen that the various leaders use innovative ways to establish their authority over the team which they are leading. It is to be noted that for the purpose of the establishment of their authority over the team which they are leading some leaders use the technique of the utilization of power whereas others use the technique of friendly behavior (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). In addition to these the development of effective strategies is also important for the purpose of the proper utilization of the project resources. It is to be noted that the resources available for a particular project are very limited and it is here that the personal talent as well as the talent of the leader comes into play. Furthermore, it is to be noted that the process of transformational leadership becomes especially more significant in the present day age of digitalization. In the opinion of many scholars the evolution of transformational leadership in the digital age is tied to the development of organizational leadership in an academic setting (Odumeru Ogbonna, 2013). Therefore, it would not be too far-fetched to say that it is not the number of followers which is significant in the style of transformational leadership but the kind of change which the leader or the manager is trying to bring in the company or the business organization concerned. Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that leadership forms an important part of the business organization or company. It is to be noted that many companies take the help of effective as well as skilled leaders to bring about an overall growth and development of their company or business organization. There are various styles of leadership and the effectiveness of the various leadership styles depends on the context in which they are used and also in the company or the business organization in which they are used. It is to be noted that the personal character as well as the personality of the leader also matters a lot in the process of leadership. Personal Reflection All human beings have a basic desire in them to lead others and as the leader of a particular group or organization. It is to be noted that this trait becomes especially significant when the context of a company or business organization is taken into consideration. I would like to mention here a particular incident that has a particular significance to me and helped to develop my ideas as well as theories about leadership. The incident which I am talking about happened a while back when I used to do a part-time job at a warehouse. I would like to mention here that the work was a completely voluntary one for me and I used to do it only during my college breaks in a bid to earn some extra amount of pocket money. I would like to comment here that when I working at the warehouse the organization was given a big order for the painting of doors. However, at that particular period of time there was a shortage of employees at the warehouse as most of the employees were on leave at that particular point of time. It was at this particular period of time that the manager of the warehouse used his effective leadership style to motivate the employees to give their best performance in order to complete the order. The employees were very much worried as well as anxious as the order was very big and required many employees to complete the work and the shortage of the employees added further more to our trouble. The manager called us and took a team hurdle and tried to tell us about the importance of the order which just received and the benefits which would entail if the order was successfully completed by us. This particular action of the manager as well as the confidence which he showed in our abilities motivated us a lot. In addition to this, I would like to comment here that although the manager belonged to the higher ranks of the organization yet still he worked alongside us for the completion of the order. This added a lot to our morale and I would like to say that energized us a lot to give our best to work towards the completion of the order concerned. I would like to say here that the leading by example style of the manager contributed a lot towards the achievement of the desired goal and objective. I would like to say here that this particular incident has a considerable impact on me and helped me to develop my ideas about the concept of leadership. The transformational style of leadership followed by the manager of the warehouse for the completion of that particular order had a considerable impact. As a matter of fact, I was so moved by the style of leadership followed by him that afterwards I conducted a thorough research on the meaning as well as the various aspects of the transformational leadership. My subsequent studies in the relevant field helped me to understand the concept of leadership and the style of transformational leadership in a much better manner. I would like to say that I am happy that the particular incident under discussion happened in my life as that enabled me to understand the various aspects of the concept of transformational leadership. Later on I came to know that the transformational style of leadership is one of the most commonly used styles of lea dership and is widely practiced by the well renowned leaders as well as the CEOs of various companies like Howard Schulz, Bill Gates and others. I would like to narrate here a particular incident here where I was able to demonstrate my leadership traits and qualities. The incident which in I am talking about happened about 2 years ago when I was working for an advertising agency. The advertising agency was a small one and was on the verge of going bankrupt when I was hired as the supervisor of the company to improve the performance of the company. Therefore, from day one I was confronted with various issues and had to resolve them on a daily basis for the effective working of the company. In addition to that, the board of directors of the company also required me to give drastic results. I would like to comment here that in response to this I developed various strategies to bring about a drastic change in the performance level of the employees and also to improve the prospects of the company. I would like to comment here that since my childhood I was much influenced by the transformational style of leadership. I even went to the extent of conducting a detailed research about this particular style of leadership and undertook a detailed study of the transformational leaders like Howard Schultz, Bill Gates and others. In the particular case which I am narrating I began my assessing the skills as well as capabilities of the employees in a bid to understand the people with whom I was working and also to allot them tasks as per their capabilities and talents. In addition to this, I also started a regular performance assessment plan wherein I used to assess the performance of the employees. I would like to comment here that I adopted the policy of rewarding the employees who used to perform better and motivating as well as giving training to the employees who used to perform below par. I also used to conduct regular meetings with my seniors as well as board of directors in order to seek about the issues about which I was not certain. I am happy to say here that the performance of the employees improved over the course of one month. I would not say that I was able to transform the fortunes of the company drastically but I made a significant contribution towards its growth as well as development. I would like to comment here that my short duration of work at the company was very fruitful for me. I left the company after a period of around 18 months as I got a better opportunity at another business organization. However, the learning process was a great one for me and helped me a lot in the later part of my life. My short duration of work at the warehouse enabled me to apply in practical the concepts as well as the theories which I had learned in my educational life and provided me with a platform where I can use them. In addition to that, the changeling situation in which I worked at the company helped me to develop my temperament and also helped to develop effective leadership skills. The experience which I gathered at the company was very helpful to me and helped me to perform in a much better at my present job. Therefore, I would like to conclude with the words that in the present day business world the concept of leadership forms one of the most important aspects of the entire business process itself. I also believe that the presence of an effective leader is very essential for the overall growth as well as the development of the entire company and the business organization. I consider that the effectiveness of a particular leadership style depends on the context as well as the scenario in which they are used. References Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. The Leadership Quarterly, 27, 634-652. Beech, N. MacIntosh, R. (2017). Managing change: Enquiry and action. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Fritz, S., Brown, W., Lunde, J. P., Banset, E. A. (2005). Interpersonal skills for leadership (2nd Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn, J. H., Wu, D. (2016). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 1-29. Northouse, P. (2010). Leadership, theory and practice (5th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Odumeru, J. A., Ogbonna, I. G. (2013). Transformational vs. transactional leadership theories: Evidence in literature.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(2), 355. Pierce, J. L. Newstrom, J. W. (2002). The managers bookshelf: A mosaic of contemporary views (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Schyns, B., Schilling, J. (2013). How bad are the effects of bad leaders? A meta-analysis of destructive leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 24, 138-158. Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Midterm 1 Essay Example

Midterm 1 Essay Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. What are the possible values for the orbital angular momentum quantum number l given the following values for the other three quantum numbers: n = 4, l = ? , ml = 0, ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E. 0 1, 2, 3, or 4 3 0, 1, 2, or 3 none of these answers 2. If the wavelength of an electron is equal to the radius of the n=2 orbit in He+, what must the velocity of the electron be? A. B. C. D. E. 6. 88 x 106 m/s 1. 38 x 107 m/s 3. 44 x 106 m/s 5. 47 x 105 m/s The velocity cannot have an exact value 3. The element seaborgium (Sg) has Z=106. What would you predict the electron configuration to of Sg2+ to be? A. B. C. D. E. The same configuration as rutherfordium (Rh) Z=104 [Rn] 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 [Rn] 5f12 6d4 7s2 4. Praseodymium (Pr Z=59) is one of the lanthanide (rare earth) elements. Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the orbital into which the last electron was filled for the element Pr? A. B. C. D. E. The number of radial nodes is greater than the number of angular nodes The orbital is a 5f orbital The orbital contains valence electrons The orbital is one member of a set of seven degenerate orbitals none of the other four statements is true 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midterm 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Davisson and Germer (as well as G. P. Thompson) conducted a famous and important experiment. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning their experiment? A. B. C. D. E. They observed diffraction patterns from photons confirming that light had wave properties They observed diffraction patterns of electrons confirming that matter had wave properties Their experiment contradicted DeBroglie’s equation They observed standing wave patterns from electrons confirming the existence of orbitals None of the other four statements is true Page 1, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 6. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm None of the other four statements is true . Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ? A. The wavefunction, ? , is a solution to the Schrodinger equation B. The square of the wavefunction, ? 2, is the total probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell at distance r from the nucleus C. Orbitals with the same n cannot overlap in space D. For the same orbital type (i. e. same l quantum number), orbitals with the higher n value will ha ve a more negative energy E. two of the other four statements are true 8. Which is not a valid set of quantum numbers for an electron? A. B. C. D. E. n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 7, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 17, l = 16, ml = 16, ms = -1/2 n = 4, l = -2, ml = 2, ms = -1/2 9. Which statement(s) is (are) FALSE in comparing the electronic transition from ni = 5 to nf =2 in H with that of electronic transition from ni = 2 to nf =5 in Be3+ A. The photon involved in the H transition lies in the visible spectrum while that involved in the Be3+ transition lies in the UV region of the spectrum. B. A photon of the same frequency is involved in both transitions, but is emitted the H electronic transition and absorbed in the Be3+ electronic transition. C. The wavelength of the photon emitted by H is 16 times the wavelength of the photon absorbed by Be3+ D. The transition in H is a Balmer emission series line E. two of the other four statements are FALSE Page 2, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 10. Assume that we conduct a Stern Gerlach type experiment by passing a beam of cobalt (Co) atoms and zinc (Zn) atoms simultaneously through an external magnetic field. What would be the expected pattern on the detector? A. B. C. D. E. Two spots: one deflected up, one deflected down Two spots: one undeflected, one deflected up Four spots: two deflected up, two deflected down Three spots: one undeflected, one deflected up, one deflected down Three spots: two deflected up, one deflected down 11. The workfunction for Na is 2. 70 eV, for Mg is 3. 66 eV, and for Cs is 2. 14 eV. Assume we shine light with a wavelength of 400 nm on the surface of each of these metals. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the observed results? (Note 1 eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. Electrons are not ejected from Mg, but would be if the intensity of the light were increased Electrons are ejected from both Cs and Na and they would have a greater velocity from Cs No electrons are ejected from Na, Mg, or Cs but would be if the light frequency were increased Electrons are ejected from Mg and they have a velocity of 4. 4 x 105 m/s Two of the other four statements are true 12. Assume that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron is equal to its DeBroglie wavelength. What would be the uncertainty in the momentum for an electron traveling with a velocity of 1. 0 x 107 m/s? A. B. C. D. E. gt; 9. 109 x 10-24 kg m/s gt; 7. 27 x 10-11 kg m/s gt; 1. 38 x 1024 kg m/s gt; h/(4*pi) gt; 7. 25 x 10-25 kg m/s 13. Which of these species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. Mn (Z=25) P (Z=15) Rb (Z=37) Mo (Z=42) Cu (Z=29) 14. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. S e2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Y3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ Kr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , Br- Page 3, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 15. Arrange the following species in order of increasing radius Se, Pb, Sn, Ge, As? A. B. C. D. E. As, Ge, Sn, Pb, Se Se, Pb, As, Sn, Ge As, Se, Ge, Sn, Pb Se, As, Ge, Sn, Pb Pb, Sn, Ge, As, Se 16. What would be a valid set of quantum numbers for the last electron filled in the electronic configuration for osmium (Os Z=76)? A. B. C. D. E. n = 6, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l= 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 17. Which of the following species is the most paramagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Fe3+ Ga+ Os N Cr 18. Assume that at an elevated temperature, the ground state for Be3+ is n=5. What would be the ionization energy for this species in this case? (1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 8. 667 eV 216. 7 eV 138. 7 eV 2. 167 eV None of the other four answers 19. What would be the velocity of an electron ejected from sodium if light of 350 nm is directed at a surface of the metal (the workfunction for sodium is 2. 70 eV and 1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 382 km/s 5. 41 x 105 km/s 17,010 km/s 541 km/s None of the other four answers Page 4, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 20. What would be the ground state electron configuration for Ge3+? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4p1 21. If an electron was in an orbital with 1 radial node and 3 angular nodes, what type of orbital is the electron occupying? A. B. C. D. E. 4d 5p 5f 4f None of the other four answers 22. One of the Lyman series emission lines for hydrogen (H) is observed at 102. 5 nm. This transition involves an electron dropping down to the ground state level from a higher energy level. What is the ninitial value for the higher energy orbit (i. e. what is ni)? A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 3 4 None of the other four answers 23. Arrange the following species in order of increasing ionization energy: Al, In, Ga, Si, S? A. B. C. D. E. In, Ga Si, S, Al Si, S, Al, Ga, In In, Al, Ga, Si, S In, Ga, Al, Si, S S, Si, Al, Ga, In 24. Which of the following represents the orbit with the largest radius? A. B. C. D. E. n=2 orbit for Be3+ n=1 orbit for H n=3 orbit for Li2+ n=4 orbit for He+ n=3 orbit for H Page 5, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 25. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region That the light exhibited wave particle duality None of these other four answers 26. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 986104 kJ/mol 1. 96 x 105 kJ/mol 1. 986 x 10-19 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol None of these other four answers 27. [Xe]f145d10 6s1 is the ground state electronic configuration of which species? A. B. C. D. E. Hg Pb2+ Au Pt Tl+ 28. How many valence electrons are found in tellurium (Te Z=52)? A. B. C. D. E. 1 2 4 6 16 29. What would be a permitted value for the principle quantum number if we kne w that the magnetic quantum number (ml) was 7? A. B. C. D. E. 5 6 7 15 none of these other four answers Page 6, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 30. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the species Sn2+? A. B. C. D. E. It is a paramagnetic species It has a completely filled f orbital set It would be expected to have a larger radius than Sn It has 48 protons in the nucleus none of these other four answers is true Page 7, v1 Answer Key for Test Chem110MT1F05. tst, 10/12/2005 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 7 120 1 7 121 2 7 122 3 7 123 4 7 124 5 7 125 6 7 126 7 7 127 8 7 128 9 7 129 10 7 130 11 7 131 12 7 132 13 7 133 14 7 134 15 7 135 16 7 136 17 7 137 18 7 138 19 7 139 20 7 140 21 7 141 22 7 142 23 7 143 24 7 144 25 7 145 26 7 146 27 7 147 28 7 148 29 7 149 30 Correct Answer D A C D B C A E B D B E D A D E E A D C C C D E A D C D D E Page 1, v1 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. [Xe]f145d10 6s1 is the ground state electronic configuration of which species? A. B. C. D. E. Hg Pt Pb2+ Au Tl+ 2. Which of the following species is the most paramagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Os Fe3+ N Ga+ Cr 3. Arrange the following species in order of increasing radius Se, Pb, Sn, Ge, As? A. B. C. D. E. Se, Pb, As, Sn, Ge As, Ge, Sn, Pb, Se Se, As, Ge, Sn, Pb As, Se, Ge, Sn, Pb Pb, Sn, Ge, As, Se 4. Assume that we conduct a Stern Gerlach type experiment by passing a beam of cobalt (Co) atoms and zinc (Zn) atoms simultaneously through an external magnetic field. What would be the expected pattern on the detector? A. B. C. D. E. Two spots: one deflected up, one deflected down Four spots: two deflected up, two deflected down Three spots: one undeflected, one deflected up, one deflected down Three spots: two deflected up, one deflected down Two spots: one undeflected, one deflected up 5. What would be the velocity of an electron ejected from sodium if light of 350 nm is directed at a surface of the metal (the workfunction for sodium is 2. 70 eV and 1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 17,010 km/s 5. 41 x 105 km/s 541 km/s None of the other four answers 382 km/s Page 1, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 6. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation None of these other four answers That the light exhibited wave particle duality That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission 7. How many valence electrons are found in tellurium (Te Z=52)? A. B. C. D. E. 16 6 2 1 4 8. Praseodymium (Pr Z=59) is one of the lanthanide (rare earth) elements. Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the orbital into which the last electron was filled for the element Pr? A. B. C. D. E. The orbital is a 5f orbital none of the other four statements is true The number of radial nodes is greater than the number of angular nodes The orbital is one member of a set of seven degenerate orbitals The orbital contains valence electrons 9. If the wavelength of an electron is equal to the radius of the n=2 orbit in He+, what must the velocity of the electron be? A. B. C. D. E. 5. 47 x 105 m/s 1. 38 x 107 m/s The velocity cannot have an exact value 3. 44 x 106 m/s 6. 88 x 106 m/s 10. What are the possible values for the orbital angular momentum quantum number l given the following values for the other three quantum numbers: n = 4, l = ? , ml = 0, ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E. 1, 2, 3, or 4 none of these answers 3 0 0, 1, 2, or 3 Page 2, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 11. The element seaborgium (Sg) has Z=106. What would you predict the electron configuration to of Sg2+ to be? A. B. C. D. E. Rn] 6d4 [Rn] 5f12 6d4 7s2 The same configuration as rutherfordium (Rh) Z=104 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 12. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the species Sn2+? A. B. C. D. E. It would be expected to have a larger radius than Sn none of these other four answers is true It is a paramagnetic species It has 48 protons in the nucleus It has a completely filled f orbital set 13. Which statement(s) is (are) FALSE in comparing the el ectronic transition from ni = 5 to nf =2 in H with that of electronic transition from ni = 2 to nf =5 in Be3+ A. A photon of the same frequency is involved in both transitions, but is emitted the H electronic transition and absorbed in the Be3+ electronic transition. B. two of the other four statements are FALSE C. The photon involved in the H transition lies in the visible spectrum while that involved in the Be3+ transition lies in the UV region of the spectrum. D. The transition in H is a Balmer emission series line E. The wavelength of the photon emitted by H is 16 times the wavelength of the photon absorbed by Be3+ 14. Assume that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron is equal to its DeBroglie wavelength. What would be the uncertainty in the momentum for an electron traveling with a velocity of 1. 00 x 107 m/s? A. B. C. D. E. gt; 9. 109 x 10-24 kg m/s gt; h/(4*pi) gt; 1. 38 x 1024 kg m/s gt; 7. 25 x 10-25 kg m/s gt; 7. 27 x 10-11 kg m/s 15. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single hoton transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm None of the other four statements is true The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm Page 3, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 16. What would be a valid set of quantum numbers for the last electron filled in the electronic configuration for osmium (Os Z=76)? A. B. C. D. E. = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l= 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = 1/2 17. One of the Lyman series emission lines for hydrogen (H) is observed at 102. 5 nm. This transition involves an electron dropping down to the ground state level from a higher energy level. What is the ninitial value for the higher energy orbit (i. e. what is ni)? A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four answers 4 3 1 2 18. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 196 x 105 kJ/mol None of these other four answers 1. 86 x 10-19 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol 1. 986104 kJ/mol 19. Which is not a valid set of quantum numbers for an electron? A. B. C. D. E. n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 7, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 17, l = 16, ml = 16, ms = -1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 4, l = -2, ml = 2, ms = -1/2 20. What would be a permitted value for the principle quantum number if we knew that the magnetic quantum number (ml) was 7? A. B. C. D. E. 6 7 5 none of these other four answers 15 Page 4, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 21. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. Se2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , BrY3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2Kr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ 22. Assume that at an elevated temperature, the ground state for Be3+ is n=5. What would be the ionization energy for this species in this case? (1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 8. 667 eV None of the other four answers 138. 7 eV 2. 167 eV 216. 7 eV 23. If an electron was in an orbital with 1 radial node and 3 angular nodes, what type of orbital is the electron occupying? A. B. C. D. E. 5f None of the other four answers 5p 4d 4f 24. Davisson and Germer (as well as G. P. Thompson) conducted a famous and important experiment. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning their experiment? A. B. C. D. E. They observed standing wave patterns from electrons confirming the existence of orbitals None of the other four statements is true They observed diffraction patterns from photons confirming that light had wave properties They observed diffraction patterns of electrons confirming that matter had wave properties Their experiment contradicted DeBroglie’s equation 25. Which of the following represents the orbit with the largest radius? A. B. C. D. E. n=3 orbit for H n=3 orbit for Li2+ n=2 orbit for Be3+ n=1 orbit for H n=4 orbit for He+ Page 5, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 26. The workfunction for Na is 2. 70 eV, for Mg is 3. 66 eV, and for Cs is 2. 14 eV. Assume we shine light with a wavelength of 400 nm on the surface of each of these metals. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the observed results? (Note 1 eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. No electrons are ejected from Na, Mg, or Cs but would be if the light frequency were increased Electrons are ejected from Mg and they have a velocity of 4. x 105 m/s Two of the other four statements are true Electrons are ejected from both Cs and Na and they would have a greater velocity from Cs Electrons are not ejected from Mg, but would be if the intensity of the light were increased 27. Arrange the following species in order of increasing ionization energy: Al, In, Ga, Si, S? A. B. C. D. E. In, Al, Ga, Si, S In, Ga, Al, Si, S S, Si, Al, Ga, In Si, S, Al, Ga, In In, Ga Si, S, Al 28. Which of these species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. P (Z=15) Mo (Z=42) Mn (Z=25) Rb (Z=37) Cu (Z=29) 9. What would be the ground state electron configuration for Ge3+? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4p1 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4p2 30. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ? A. The square of the wavefunction, ? 2, is the total probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell at distance r from the nucleus B. The wavefunction, ? , is a solution to the Schrodinger equation C. Orbitals with the same n cannot overlap in space D. two of the other four statements are true E. For the same orbital type (i. e. ame l quantum number), orbitals with the higher n value will have a more negative energy Page 6, v2 Answer Key for Test Chem110MT1F05. tst, 10/12/2005 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 7 146 1 7 136 2 7 134 3 7 129 4 7 138 5 7 144 6 7 147 7 7 123 8 7 121 9 7 120 10 7 122 11 7 149 12 7 128 13 7 131 14 7 125 15 7 135 16 7 141 17 7 145 18 7 127 19 7 148 20 7 133 21 7 137 22 7 140 23 7 124 24 7 143 25 7 130 26 7 142 27 7 132 28 7 139 29 7 126 30 Correct Answer D E C C C A B D E E D B A D A C C D E E A A A D A D B B D B Page 1, v2 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. Assume that we conduct a Stern Gerlach type experiment by passing a beam of cobalt (Co) atoms and zinc (Zn) atoms simultaneously through an external magnetic field. What would be the expected pattern on the detector? A. B. C. D. E. Two spots: one deflected up, one deflected down Four spots: two deflected up, two deflected down Three spots: one undeflected, one deflected up, one deflected down Two spots: one undeflected, one deflected up Three spots: two deflected up, one deflected down 2. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ Y3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2Se2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , BrKr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2- 3. Praseodymium (Pr Z=59) is one of the lanthanide (rare earth) elements. Which of the following statements is a TRUE statement about the orbital into which the last electron was filled for the element Pr? A. B. C. D. E. The number of radial nodes is greater than the number of angular nodes none of the other four statements is true The orbital contains valence electrons The orbital is one member of a set of seven degenerate orbitals The orbital is a 5f orbital . What would be a valid set of quantum numbers for the last electron filled in the electronic configuration for osmium (Os Z=76)? A. B. C. D. E. n = 6, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l = 3, ml = -3, ms = 1/2 n = 5, l= 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 5. Which of the following represents the orbit with the largest radius? A. B. C. D. E. n=4 orbit for He+ n =1 orbit for H n=2 orbit for Be3+ n=3 orbit for Li2+ n=3 orbit for H Page 1, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 6. Xe]f145d10 6s1 is the ground state electronic configuration of which species? A. B. C. D. E. Pb2+ Hg Pt Au Tl+ 7. The element seaborgium (Sg) has Z=106. What would you predict the electron configuration to of Sg2+ to be? A. B. C. D. E. [Rn] 5f12 6d4 7s2 [Rn] 5f14 6d4 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 [Rn] 6d4 The same configuration as rutherfordium (Rh) Z=104 8. What would be the ground state electron configuration for Ge3+? A. B. C. D. E. [Ar] 3d9 4s2 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4p1 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 9. Which of the following species is the most paramagnetic? A. B. C. D. E. Cr Ga+ N Fe3+ Os 10. If the wavelength of an electron is equal to the radius of the n=2 orbit in He+, what must the velocity of the electron be? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 38 x 107 m/s 6. 88 x 106 m/s 3. 44 x 106 m/s 5. 47 x 105 m/s The velocity cannot have an exact value Page 2, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 11. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. 1. 986104 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol 1. 196 x 105 kJ/mol None of these other four answers 1. 986 x 10-19 kJ/mol 12. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. That the light exhibited wave particle duality The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission None of these other four answers That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region 13. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm None of the other four statements is true The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm 14. Davisson and Germer (as well as G. P. Thompson) conducted a famous and important experiment. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning their experiment? A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four statements is true They observed diffraction patterns from photons confirming that light had wave properties They observed standing wave patterns from electrons confirming the existence of orbitals Their experiment contradicted DeBroglie’s equation They observed diffraction patterns of electrons confirming that matter had wave properties 15. If an electron was in an orbital with 1 radial node and 3 angular nodes, what type of orbital is the electron occupying? A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four answers 5p 4f 5f 4d Page 3, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 16. What would be a permitted value for the principle quantum number if we knew that the magnetic quantum number (ml) was 7? A. B. C. D. E. 5 6 7 none of these other four answers 15 17. Which of these species has the greatest number of unpaired electrons? A. B. C. D. E. Mo (Z=42) P (Z=15) Cu (Z=29) Mn (Z=25) Rb (Z=37) 18. Which statement(s) is (are) FALSE in comparing the electronic transition from ni = 5 to nf =2 in H with that of electronic transition from ni = 2 to nf =5 in Be3+ A. A photon of the same frequency is involved in both transitions, but is emitted the H electronic transition and absorbed in the Be3+ electronic transition. B. The wavelength of the photon emitted by H is 16 times the wavelength of the photon absorbed by Be3+ C. The photon involved in the H transition lies in the visible spectrum while that involved in the Be3+ transition lies in the UV region of the spectrum. D. two of the other four statements are FALSE E. The transition in H is a Balmer emission series line 19. Arrange the following species in order of increasing radius Se, Pb, Sn, Ge, As? A. B. C. D. E. As, Se, Ge, Sn, Pb Se, Pb, As, Sn, Ge Pb, Sn, Ge, As, Se Se, As, Ge, Sn, Pb As, Ge, Sn, Pb, Se 20. One of the Lyman series emission lines for hydrogen (H) is observed at 102. nm. This transition involves an electron dropping down to the ground state level from a higher energy level. What is the ninitial value for the higher energy orbit (i. e. what is ni)? A. B. C. D. E. 4 3 1 2 None of the other four answers Page 4, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 21. Arrange the following species in order of increasing ionization energy: Al, In, Ga, Si, S? A. B. C. D. E. In, Al, Ga, Si, S S, Si, Al, Ga, In Si, S, Al, Ga, In In, Ga Si, S, Al In, Ga, Al, Si, S 22. How many valence electrons are found in tellurium (Te Z=52)? A. B. C. D. E. 2 6 1 4 16 3. Which is not a valid set of quantum numbers for an electron? A. B. C. D. E. n = 7, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 6, l = 2, ml = 0, ms = 1/2 n = 4, l = -2, ml = 2, ms = -1/2 n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = 1/2 n = 17, l = 16, ml = 16, ms = -1/2 24. Assume that the uncertainty in determining the position of an electron is equal to its DeBroglie wavelength. What would be the uncertainty in the momentum for an electron traveling with a velocity of 1. 00 x 107 m/s? A. B. C. D. E. gt; h/(4*pi) gt; 7. 27 x 10-11 kg m/s gt; 1. 38 x 1024 kg m/s gt; 7. 25 x 10-25 kg m/s gt; 9. 09 x 10-24 kg m/s 25. What are the possible values for the orbital angular momentum quantum number l given the following values for the other three quantum numbers: n = 4, l = ? , ml = 0, ms = +1/2 A. B. C. D. E . 0, 1, 2, or 3 0 1, 2, 3, or 4 3 none of these answers Page 5, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 26. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ? A. The square of the wavefunction, ? 2, is the total probability of finding the electron in a spherical shell at distance r from the nucleus B. The wavefunction, ? , is a solution to the Schrodinger equation C. wo of the other four statements are true D. Orbitals with the same n cannot overlap in space E. For the same orbital type (i. e. same l quantum number), orbitals with the higher n value will have a more negative energy 27. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the species Sn2+? A. B. C. D. E. It has 48 protons in the nucleus It is a paramagnetic species It would be expected to have a larger radius than Sn none of these other four answers is true It has a completely filled f orbital set 28. The workfunction for Na is 2. 70 eV, for Mg is 3. 66 eV, and for Cs is 2. 14 eV. Assume we shine light with a wavelength of 400 nm on the surface of each of these metals. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the observed results? (Note 1 eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. Electrons are ejected from Mg and they have a velocity of 4. 4 x 105 m/s Electrons are ejected from both Cs and Na and they would have a greater velocity from Cs No electrons are ejected from Na, Mg, or Cs but would be if the light frequency were increased Electrons are not ejected from Mg, but would be if the intensity of the light were increased Two of the other four statements are true 9. Assume that at an elevated temperature, the ground state for Be3+ is n=5. What would be the ionization energy for this species in this case? (1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. 216. 7 eV None of the other four answers 138. 7 eV 8. 667 eV 2. 167 eV 30. What would be the velocity of an electron ejected from sodium if light of 350 nm is directed at a surface of the metal (the workfunction for sodium is 2. 70 eV and 1eV = 1. 609 x 10-19 J) A. B. C. D. E. None of the other four answers 541 km/s 382 km/s 5. 41 x 105 km/s 17,010 km/s Page 6, v3 Answer Key for Test Chem110MT1F05. tst, 10/12/2005 No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 7 129 1 7 133 2 7 123 3 7 135 4 7 143 5 7 146 6 7 122 7 7 139 8 7 136 9 7 121 10 7 145 11 7 144 12 7 125 13 7 124 14 7 140 15 7 148 16 7 132 17 7 128 18 7 134 19 7 141 20 7 142 21 7 147 22 7 127 23 7 131 24 7 120 25 7 126 26 7 149 27 7 130 28 7 137 29 7 138 30 Correct Answer C C D C E D B E A B B B D E D E A A D B E B C D A B D B D B Page 1, v3 Chemistry 110 Midterm 1 October 11, 2005 1. What is the energy of light that has a wavelength of 1 micrometer (1 µm)? A. B. C. D. E. None of these other four answers 1. 196 x 105 kJ/mol 119. 6 kJ/mol 1. 986 x 10-19 kJ/mol 1. 986104 kJ/mol 2. Arrange the following species in order of decreasing radius: Br- , Y3+, Rb+, Se2- , Kr? A. B. C. D. E. Rb+, Y3+, Kr, Se2- , BrKr, Y3+, Rb+, Br- , Se2Kr, Se2- , Br- , Rb+, Y3+ Se2- , Br- , Kr, Rb+, Y3+ Y3+, Rb+, Kr, Br- , Se2- 3. The term â€Å"ultraviolet catastrophe† referred to what aspect in the scientific developments that led to the new quantum theory? A. B. C. D. E. That the Balmer series emission lines for H were only observed in the visible region The energy density went to infinity at short wavelengths in the classical theory for blackbody radiation That the intensity of ultraviolet light had no effect in producing photoelectric emission None of these other four answers That the light exhibited wave particle duality 4. A two-photon absorption transition is observed using a laser that emits light having a wavelength of 500 nm? Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about this electronic transition? A. B. C. D. E. The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 1000 nm The single photon transition would be caused by UV light with a wavelength of 250 nm The single photon transition would be caused by IR light with a wavelength of 250 nm None of the other fo